British Journal of Occupational Therapy最新文献

Background: In their everyday clinical practice, occupational and physical therapists face physical, cognitive, and emotional challenges that may undermine a client-centered approach.

Objectives: Using self-determination theory, we hypothesized that healthcare professionals whose basic psychological needs are satisfied are more likely to support their patients' autonomy. This, in turn, will be associated with the therapists' sense of work meaning, job satisfaction, and compassion fatigue.

Methodology: A cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire was administered using Qualtrics to public health occupational and physical therapists (n = 152). Structural equation modeling was used to examine a mediation model.

Results: Results demonstrated participants' perception of supporting their patients' autonomy mediated the relations between their basic needs satisfaction and work meaning (95% CI [0.07, 0.35]). However, autonomy support did not mediate the association between needs satisfaction and job satisfaction, and compassion fatigue.

Conclusion: We conclude that healthcare professionals' perception of themselves as supporting their patients' autonomy adds to their work meaning but does not relate to their job satisfaction or protect them from compassion fatigue.

Introduction: There is a recognised phenomenon of boredom and lack of activity engagement within mental health units. Further innovation is required to improve access to meaningful activity within inpatient mental healthcare.

Method: A quasi-experimental study measured the effect of Activity PRN on a female psychiatric intensive care unit and a male acute unit. Ad hoc activity provision, number of activity types engaged in per patient, and engagement frequency per patient was measured over a 3 month pre-intervention period. PRN activities, defined as 'meaningful, purposeful, accessible and timely activities' were measured during a 3 month post-intervention period. Patients received support to create an Activity PRN card, which contains information for ward staff to engage patients in their chosen activities.

Results: Following intervention, activity provision, number of activity types engaged in per patient, and engagement frequency per patient increased on both units. Study limitations were low activity reporting and a limited number of activities available on Activity PRN cards. This suggested a need to improve staff training and review of the cards.

Conclusion: Activity PRN is an effective intervention which promotes meaningful occupation on mental health units. An implication for occupational therapy practice is the use of meaningful, purposeful, accessible and timely activities.

Background: The refugee situation in which the Sahrawi people live entails precarious policies, services, and care systems. People with disabilities suffer even more from this situation, seeing their quality of life diminished.

Purpose: To evaluate the personal outcomes related to the quality of life of the students at the special education school in Auserd.

Method: The KidsLife and KidsLife TEA questionnaires were administered to the 26 students from the special education center during March 2019.

Findings: The results obtained from 100% of the participants display percentiles below the minimum values of the scale, with the most positive scores found in the Emotional Well-being domain and the least positive in the Social Inclusion domain.

Conclusions: The quality of life of the students at the special education center in Auserd has deteriorated due to the social, environmental, and political factors they face. Furthermore, it is necessary to have tools adapted to the context.

There is a pervading feeling of dissonance within the occupational therapy profession: a sense that occupational therapy, and the work of occupational therapists, is not always recognised. Alongside this, there are examples of occupational therapists whose work is recognised at the highest levels and who are realising Elizabeth Casson's legacy. The social age, which we now live in, provides the means to capitalise on examples such as these, to change this narrative, through social movements and social leadership. By committing to a social movement, a form of collective action that enables occupational therapists to tell their own stories through their own networks, and exercising social leadership, which is not dependent on hierarchy or position, occupational therapists can promote the centrality of occupation in the lives of people. Collective action is contingent on individuals making a commitment to act, even if this requires overcoming any barriers they may experience. Elizabeth Casson's contribution to the profession and the collective wisdom of the Elizabeth Casson lectures provide inspiration for anyone unsure of where to begin.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder that restricts participation in normal life activities. A critical challenge is the early identification and intervention of children with autism spectrum disorder, which is essential for enhancing the quality of life. This study aimed to translate and establish the reliability and validity of the autism screening instrument for educational planning 3 for children with autism spectrum disorder.

Method: The participants were 60 children aged 2-13 years and 11 months with autism spectrum disorder. Face validity, content validity (CVR/CVI), convergent validity with the GARS2, internal consistency, test-retest, intra-rater, and inter-rater reliability of the Autism Screening Instrument for Educational Planning 3 were measured.

Results: The impact score was above 1.5 for the face validity. The CVI score was higher than 0.79, and the CVR score exceeded 0.31. The correlation between the Autism Screening Instrument for Educational Planning 3 and the GARS2 sections was all above r = 0.70. For the Autism Behavior Checklist, the internal consistency was 82.2, p < 0.05, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.91, for all sections of the ASIEP-3, The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were above 0.79 (ICC >0.70).

Conclusion: Autism Screening Instrument for Educational Planning 3 has good psychometric properties for children aged 2-13 years and 11 months with ASD and can be utilized in clinical practice.

Introduction: We investigated the effect of combined treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and occupation-based intervention on the mental health, upper extremity function, activities of daily living (ADLs), and occupation participation of patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: We included 40 patients with cervical SCI and randomized them between the experimental (n = 20) and the control (n = 20) group. Combined CBT and occupation-based intervention treatment was administered to the experimental group; combined progressive muscle relaxation and occupation-based intervention treatment was administered to the control group.

Results: The experimental group showed significant changes in the outcomes of negative and automatic thoughts, depression, anxiety, upper extremity function, ADLs, and occupation participation after the intervention compared to the preintervention values (p < .001). The control group showed no significant postintervention changes in mental health outcomes. (p > .05), but significant changes were confirmed in upper extremity function, ADLs, and occupation participation (p < .001).

Conclusion: Our results indicated that combined CBT and occupation-based intervention administered based on the goals set by the patients themselves may serve as an effective intervention strategy for achieving improvement in mental health, upper extremity function, ADLs, and occupation participation for patients with cervical SCI.

Introduction: Hospitalisation is a period of low physical activity, particularly for older adults. Objective measurement of activity levels is essential to evaluate the impact of interventions to maintain or improve function.

Methods: A prospective exploratory study examining patterns of sedentary behaviour and physical activity using an accelerometer-based activity monitor (activPAL™) in an acute hospital setting. A secondary objective was to review patient and staff acceptability of accelerometer use and views on the barriers and opportunities to maintaining function.

Results: Forty-nine adults were recruited with a mean (SD) age of 83.0 (9.64) years (67% females). The mean (SD) time spent sitting or lying was 19.9 (5.03) hours with patients taking 657 (820) steps per day. There were no significant differences between steps per day for different genders (p = 0.78), age groups (p = 0.77) or diagnostic groups (p = 0.60). There was a moderate correlation between the daily number of steps and the Functional Independence Measure (r = 0.37, p < .05). Eighty-six per cent of patient's found accelerometer use acceptable compared to 50% of staff.

Conclusion: This study has provided rich characterisation of activity patterns in hospital, where low levels of activity were identified. These findings can support future occupational therapy functional maintenance initiatives.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence is playing an increasingly important role in supporting rehabilitation processes, offering benefits for both clients and therapists. This study aimed to explore the potential use of ChatGPT-an AI-powered online chatbot-in occupational therapy using clinical case scenarios and to compare the clinical decision-making approaches of ChatGPT and occupational therapists.

Method: This study employed a comparative design to evaluate the clinical decision-making skills of ChatGPT and occupational therapists. A total of 111 occupational therapists and ChatGPT responded to 9 questions related to 3 different cases, including items on models and frames of reference, assessment, and intervention.

Results: ChatGPT and occupational therapists demonstrated similar decision-making in one case for models and frames of reference, one case for assessments, and one case for interventions (p > 0.05). However, their decision-making differed in the other two cases (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These findings underscore artificial intelligence's promising yet complex role in occupational therapy, highlighting how occupational therapists integrate multiple factors and individual client needs into their decision-making, in contrast to the algorithm-based reasoning of ChatGPT.

Introduction: Occupational therapy is evolving rapidly due to technological advances and demographic and sociocultural changes. Recognizing emerging trends is fundamental to developing responsive educational programs, evidence-based practices, and adaptive health policies. This study explores expert perspectives across five themes: (1) Future Technologies, (2) Neuroscience and Biotechnology Integration, (3) Technology-Based Therapy Approaches, (4) Sociocultural and Demographic Impacts, and (5) Innovative Educational Methods.

Method: A three-round Delphi study was conducted with 36 occupational therapy professionals. The sample included 12 academicians (mean age (M) = 34.5, 67% female), 12 clinicians (M = 31.2, 75% female), and 12 final-year interns (M = 23.1, 92% female). The mean professional experience was 6.0 years for academicians and 5.8 years for clinicians. Thematic analysis and Kendall's W were used to evaluate consensus.

Results: Participants emphasized the importance of integrating virtual reality/augmented reality interventions, artificial intelligence-supported assessments, and telehealth into occupational therapy practice. Neuroplasticity-based interventions and simulation-based learning were highlighted for future competence. Ethical concerns regarding artificial intelligence, as well as cost and digital literacy barriers, were also noted.

Conclusion: To meet future challenges, occupational therapists should enhance digital competencies, ensure accessibility, and develop inclusive, culturally responsive practices. Findings inform clinical, educational, and policy strategies in occupational therapy.

Introduction: Occupational balance is an important concept in occupational therapy. However, no validated Occupational balance assessments currently exist in Lithuania. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire 11 (OBQ11-LT).

Method: A total of 127 healthy adults completed the OBQ11-LT to evaluate construct validity. Of these, 53 participants were randomly assigned to complete the questionnaire again after 7-10 days to assess test-retest reliability. Construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for both total scores and individual items. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha.

Findings: The model demonstrated acceptable fit (χ²(45) = 719.79, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.933; TLI = 0.909; RMSEA = 0.106). The ICC between test and retest OBQ11-LT total score was 0.924. Total scores showed a significant statistical relationship (p < 0.01), indicating good reliability. Cronbach's alpha for the OBQ11-LT total score was 0.915, indicating acceptable internal consistency.

Conclusion: OBQ11-LT demonstrates good reliability and validity for assessing occupational balance in general populations. Its psychometric properties are suitable for practice and research, making it a valuable tool for studying occupational balance in similar contexts and broadening the research areas for Lithuanian occupational therapists.