Trexit: A “Clean” Withdrawal from Transrectal Prostate Biopsies – Prospective Results of In-office Freehand Transperineal Biopsies Under Local Anaesthesia

Abstract

Introduction: Prostate biopsy (PB) may be performed by either the transrectal (TR) or transperineal (TP) approach. Cancer detection rates seem to be comparable between the two approaches. However, evidence suggests a reduced infection risk and a higher detection of tumours localised in the anterior zone of the prostate with the TP route. TP-PB is currently recommended as a first-line procedure for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) whenever available. We sought to report the initial results of in-office freehand TP-PB under local anaesthesia in the outpatient setting.   Methods: We conducted a prospective study with consecutive sampling with data from men submitted to TP-PB from Sep/2019 to Sep/2021, in a tertiary care centre. A questionnaire was carried out to appraise the pain related to the procedure on a pain numerical rating scale from 0 to 10. Presenting PSA, biopsy result and characteristics and complications that motivated a visit to the emergency department–ED – until 1 month after the PB were analysed. Antibiotic (AB) prophylaxis was not provided to any of the patients undergoing TP-PB. TP-PB was performed under local anaesthesia by freehand method.   Results: A hundred and eight (108) patients underwent TP-PB. The mean age was 66±9 years old. The median presenting PSA was comparable in patients with positive and negative PB results (7.7 ng/mL, p=0.11). Overall, 67/108 (62%) patients had PCa diagnosed. Clinically significant (cs) PCa (ISUP=2) was diagnosed in 42/67 (63%) patients. The TP approach allowed the diagnosis of anterior zone PCa in 61% (41/67) of the patients (anterior zone csPCa in 63% of these), 7% (5/67) had exclusively anterior zone pathological findings. Complications leading to an ED visit were recorded in only one patient. Patients reported only mild levels of discomfort related to the anaesthesia infiltration (3±3) and to the introduction of the US transducer (3±3). Globally, the patients ascribed a pain of 3±3 to the entire procedure.   Conclusion: Freehand TP-PB under local anaesthesia, without AB prophylaxis, is a well-tolerated and safe procedure, feasible as an outpatient procedure. TP-PB provides an easy access to the anterior zone of the prostate allowing for the diagnosis of previously missed PCa.