Graphene nanoribbons: current status, challenges and opportunities

Shuo Lou, Bosai Lyu, Xianliang Zhou, Peiyue Shen, Jiajun Chen, Zhiwen Shi
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Abstract

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are narrow strips of graphene with widths ranging from a few nanometers to a few tens of nanometers. GNRs possess most of the excellent properties of graphene, while also exhibiting unique physical characteristics not found in graphene, such as an adjustable band gap and spin-polarized edge states. These properties make GNRs an appealing candidate for carbon-based electronics. In this review, we begin by introducing the edge geometry and electronic bands of GNRs. We then discuss various methods for fabricating GNRs and analyze the characteristics of each method. Subsequently, the performance of GNR field-effect transistor devices obtained from a few representative GNR fabrication methods is discussed and compared. We also investigate the use of GNRs as quantum dots and spintronic devices. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of GNRs as a quantum material for next-generation electronics and spintronics are explored and proposed.

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石墨烯纳米带:现状、挑战和机遇
石墨烯纳米带(GNR)是石墨烯的窄条,宽度从几纳米到几十纳米不等。GNR 具有石墨烯的大部分优异特性,同时还表现出石墨烯所没有的独特物理特性,如可调带隙和自旋极化边缘态。这些特性使 GNRs 成为碳基电子器件的理想候选材料。在本综述中,我们首先介绍 GNR 的边缘几何和电子带。然后,我们讨论了制造 GNR 的各种方法,并分析了每种方法的特点。随后,我们讨论并比较了几种具有代表性的 GNR 制作方法所获得的 GNR 场效应晶体管器件的性能。我们还研究了将 GNR 用作量子点和自旋电子器件的问题。最后,我们探讨并提出了 GNR 作为下一代电子学和自旋电子学量子材料所面临的挑战和机遇。
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