The Crocodylian proatlas functions to redistribute venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY Journal of Morphology Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI:10.1002/jmor.21683
Annelise Swords, Michael Cramberg, Seth Parker, Anchal Scott, Stephanie Sopko, Ethan Taylor, Bruce A. Young
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Abstract

The proatlas, a bone located between the skull and the neural spines of the cervical vertebrae, is best known from reptiles. Most previous studies of the proatlas have centered on its developmental, debating the relationship between the proatlas and the cervical neural arches. The present study was intended as a description of the proatlas in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and an experimental test of its hypothesized role in venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) distribution. In Alligator, the proatlas is chevron-shaped; ventrally it has a loose connection to the dorsal surface of the first cervical vertebrae, dorsally it has a robust elastic tissue tether on the otoccipital and supraoccipital bones. The ventral surface of the proatlas parallels the dorsal margin of the foramen magnum and rests on the dorsal surface of the spinal venous sinus. Experimental manipulation of the proatlas demonstrated that displacement of the proatlas causes pressure changes in both the spinal venous sinus and the enclosed spinal CSF. The results of this study represent the first demonstration of an explicit functional role for the proatlas, the circulation of fluids between the cranial and spinal compartments of the central nervous system.

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鳄鱼原体具有重新分配静脉血和脑脊液的功能。
原骨是位于头骨和颈椎神经棘之间的一块骨头,爬行动物对它的了解最多。以前对原骨的研究大多集中在其发育方面,对原骨与颈椎神经弓之间的关系存在争议。本研究旨在描述美洲鳄(Alligator mississippiensis)的前椎骨,并对其在静脉血和脑脊液(CSF)分布中的假设作用进行实验测试。短吻鳄的前胸呈楔形,腹面与第一颈椎的背面连接松散,背面与耳枕骨和眶上骨有坚固的弹性组织连接。椎弓根的腹面与枕骨大孔的背缘平行,并位于脊髓静脉窦的背面。实验操作证明,椎弓根的移位会引起脊髓静脉窦和封闭的脊髓CSF的压力变化。这项研究结果首次证明了原脊窦的明确功能作用,即中枢神经系统颅腔和脊腔之间的液体循环。
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来源期刊
Journal of Morphology
Journal of Morphology 医学-解剖学与形态学
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
6.70%
发文量
119
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Morphology welcomes articles of original research in cytology, protozoology, embryology, and general morphology. Articles generally should not exceed 35 printed pages. Preliminary notices or articles of a purely descriptive morphological or taxonomic nature are not included. No paper which has already been published will be accepted, nor will simultaneous publications elsewhere be allowed. The Journal of Morphology publishes research in functional, comparative, evolutionary and developmental morphology from vertebrates and invertebrates. Human and veterinary anatomy or paleontology are considered when an explicit connection to neontological animal morphology is presented, and the paper contains relevant information for the community of animal morphologists. Based on our long tradition, we continue to seek publishing the best papers in animal morphology.
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