Submerged reef features in Apo and Tubbataha Reefs, Philippines, revealed paleo sea-level history during the last deglaciation

IF 1.4 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Geo-Marine Letters Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI:10.1007/s00367-024-00764-7

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Abstract

The morphology of coral reefs provides an effective benchmark of past sea levels because of their limited vertical range of formation and good geologic preservation. In this study, we analyze the seafloor morphology around two atolls in the Philippines: Tubbataha Reef, in Palawan, and Apo Reef, in Occidental Mindoro. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry to a depth of 200 m reveals seafloor features including reef ridges and staircase-like terraces and scarps. Depth profiles across the reefs show terraces formed within six and seven depth ranges in Tubbataha Reef and in Apo Reef, respectively. These were further observed through a remotely operated vehicle. The terraces and scarps are interpreted as backstepping reefs that were drowned during an overall rise in sea level from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Terraces are used as indicators of paleo sea level and the separation between terraces as the magnitude of sea-level rises coeval with meltwater pulse events during the last deglaciation. The pattern for both Apo and Tubbataha reefs indicates subsidence, consistent with the absence of Holocene emergent features and their atoll morphologies. Subsidence of up to 17 m since the LGM in Apo Reef is mainly attributed to the downbowing of the crust toward Manila Trench. In Tubbataha Reef, subsidence of up to 14 m is attributed to the continuous cooling of the volcanic crust underlying the atoll. These can be used to fill gaps in the tectonic history of the study sites from the last deglaciation.

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菲律宾阿波礁和图巴塔哈礁的水下礁石特征揭示了上一次冰期的古海平面历史

摘要珊瑚礁的形态是过去海平面的有效基准，因为珊瑚礁形成的垂直范围有限，而且地质保存良好。在这项研究中，我们分析了菲律宾两个环礁周围的海底形态：巴拉望的图巴塔哈礁和西民都洛的阿波礁。深度为 200 米的高分辨率多波束测深显示了海底特征，包括礁脊、阶梯状阶地和疤痕。整个珊瑚礁的深度剖面图显示，图巴塔哈珊瑚礁和阿波珊瑚礁分别在六个和七个深度范围内形成了阶地。通过遥控潜水器进一步观察了这些情况。这些阶地和疤痕被解释为在末次冰川极盛时期（LGM）海平面全面上升过程中被淹没的后退礁石。阶地是古海平面的指标，阶地之间的分隔则是海平面上升的幅度，与末次冰期融水脉冲事件同时发生。阿波礁和图巴塔哈礁的模式都表明了海平面下沉，这与全新世新生地貌的缺失及其环礁形态一致。阿波礁自全新世以来下沉达 17 米，主要原因是地壳向马尼拉海沟下沉。在图巴塔哈礁，高达 14 米的下沉是由于环礁下的火山地壳持续冷却造成的。这些数据可用于填补研究地点上一次脱冰期构造历史的空白。

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来源期刊

Geo-Marine Letters 地学-地球科学综合

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Geo-Marine Letters is an international peer-reviewed journal focussing on the rapid publication of concise original studies and reviews dealing with processes, products and techniques in marine geology, geophysics, and geochemistry. Coverage spans - structural geology, including plate tectonics of recent active and passive margins - sea-bed morphology, physiography and morphodynamics - sediment transport, depositional processes and sedimentary facies analysis - stratigraphy, basin analysis and paleoenvironmental reconstruction - sea-level history, paleoproductivity, gas hydrates, salt domes and brines - sediment-water interaction and organism-sediment relationships - geochemical tracers, stable isotopes and authigenic mineral formation - geotechnical properties and application of new geo-marine techniques, and more. In addition to regular articles, reviews, discussion/reply articles and technical papers, Geo-Marine Letters welcomes contributions by guest editors in the form of conference/workshop proceedings, or bundles of papers dealing with specific themes.