Low voltage grid resilience: Evaluating electric vehicle charging strategies in the context of the grid development plan Germany

IF 15 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Etransportation Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI:10.1016/j.etran.2024.100323
Ricardo Reibsch , Jakob Gemassmer , Tabea Katerbau
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Abstract

The ongoing transition to decentralized renewable energy sources and sector-coupled consumers is reshaping the energy system. Changes at lower grid levels can stress lines and transformers. Crucial for a successful local energy transition are grid relief measures. Battery electric vehicles contribute to higher loads on grid equipment but also offer flexibility. This paper assesses the influence of four different charging strategies for battery electric vehicles across five representative low-voltage grids based on the grid development plan in Germany for the years 2021, 2037, and 2045. Results indicate that grid stress, specifically capacity stress, will emerge by 2037 and 2045. Decentralized photovoltaic systems are the primary contributors to this stress due to high simultaneous generation. Up to nearly 20 % of photovoltaic power may need to be curtailed in 2045, especially in rural grids during the summer, to prevent overloads.

Charging strategies linked to wholesale power market prices can inadvertently lead to higher consumption-induced grid overloads, necessitating the consideration of local grid restrictions. Implementing grid-friendly charging strategies, such as reduced charging power or alignment with local photovoltaic production, can mitigate those grid overloads from almost 8 % down to 0.11 %. However, these charging strategies have limited impact on photovoltaic-induced overloads due to the low number of connected battery electric vehicles during the day.

In summary, appropriate charging strategies can ease low-voltage grid stress and are suitable measures to manage the challenges of decentralized energy transition and battery-electric vehicle adoption.

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低压电网恢复能力:评估电网发展计划背景下的电动汽车充电策略 德国
向分散式可再生能源和部门耦合用户的持续过渡正在重塑能源系统。低层电网的变化会对线路和变压器造成压力。电网缓解措施对于地方能源转型的成功至关重要。电池电动汽车增加了电网设备的负荷,但也提供了灵活性。本文根据德国 2021 年、2037 年和 2045 年的电网发展规划,评估了四种不同的电池电动汽车充电策略对五个代表性低压电网的影响。结果表明,到 2037 年和 2045 年将出现电网压力,特别是容量压力。由于同时发电量大,分散式光伏系统是造成这种压力的主要因素。到 2045 年,多达近 20% 的光伏发电量可能需要削减,尤其是在夏季的农村电网,以防止过载。
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来源期刊
Etransportation
Etransportation Engineering-Automotive Engineering
CiteScore
19.80
自引率
12.60%
发文量
57
审稿时长
39 days
期刊介绍: eTransportation is a scholarly journal that aims to advance knowledge in the field of electric transportation. It focuses on all modes of transportation that utilize electricity as their primary source of energy, including electric vehicles, trains, ships, and aircraft. The journal covers all stages of research, development, and testing of new technologies, systems, and devices related to electrical transportation. The journal welcomes the use of simulation and analysis tools at the system, transport, or device level. Its primary emphasis is on the study of the electrical and electronic aspects of transportation systems. However, it also considers research on mechanical parts or subsystems of vehicles if there is a clear interaction with electrical or electronic equipment. Please note that this journal excludes other aspects such as sociological, political, regulatory, or environmental factors from its scope.
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