Satellite-observed significant improvement in nearshore transparency of the Bohai Sea during pollution control

IF 1.4 3区地球科学 Q3 OCEANOGRAPHY Acta Oceanologica Sinica Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI:10.1007/s13131-023-2180-z

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Abstract

The Bohai Sea (BS) is the unique semi-closed inland sea of China, characterized by degraded water quality due to significant terrestrial pollution input. In order to improve its water quality, a dedicated action named “Uphill Battles for Integrated Bohai Sea Management” (UBIBSM, 2018–2020) was implemented by the Chinese government. To evaluate the action effectiveness toward water quality improvement, variability of the satellite-observed water transparency (Secchi disk depth, Z_SD) was explored, with special emphasis on the nearshore waters (within 20 km from the coastline) prone to terrestrial influence. (1) Compared to the status before the action began (2011–2017), majority (87.3%) of the nearshore waters turned clear during the action implementation period (2018–2020), characterized by the elevated Z_SD by 11.6% ± 12.1%. (2) Nevertheless, the improvement was not spatially uniform, with higher Z_SD improvement in provinces of Hebei, Liaoning, and Shandong (13.2% ± 16.5%, 13.2% ± 11.6%, 10.8% ± 10.2%, respectively) followed by Tianjin (6.2% ± 4.7%). (3) Bayesian trend analysis found the abrupt Z_SD improvement in April 2018, which coincided with the initiation of UBIBSM, implying the water quality response to pollution control. More importantly, the independent statistics of land-based pollutant discharge also indicated that the significant reduction of terrestrial pollutant input during the UBIBSM action was the main driver of observed Z_SD improvement. (4) Compared with previous pollution control actions in the BS, UBIBSM was found to be the most successful one during the past 20 years, in terms of transparency improvement over nearshore waters. The presented results proved the UBIBSM-achieved remarkable water quality improvement, taking the advantage of long-term consistent and objective data record from satellite ocean color observation.

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卫星观测到渤海近岸透明度在污染控制期间显著提高

摘要渤海（BS）是中国独有的半封闭内海，由于大量陆源污染，水质恶化。为改善渤海水质，中国政府实施了名为 "渤海综合治理攻坚战"（UBIBSM，2018-2020 年）的专项行动。为评估该行动在改善水质方面的成效，研究人员对卫星观测到的水体透明度（Secchi disk depth，ZSD）的变化进行了探讨，重点是易受陆地影响的近岸水域（距离海岸线 20 公里以内）。(1）与行动开始前（2011-2017 年）的状况相比，在行动实施期间（2018-2020 年），大部分（87.3%）近岸水域变清，其特征是 ZSD 升高了 11.6% ± 12.1%。(2）尽管如此，ZSD 的改善在空间上并不均匀，河北、辽宁和山东三省的 ZSD 改善幅度较大（分别为 13.2%±16.5%、13.2%±11.6%、10.8%±10.2%），其次是天津（6.2%±4.7%）。(3）贝叶斯趋势分析发现，2018 年 4 月 ZSD 突然改善，与 UBIBSM 启动时间吻合，这意味着水质对污染控制的响应。更重要的是，陆源污染物排放量的独立统计也表明，UBIBSM 行动期间陆源污染物输入的显著减少是观测到的 ZSD 改善的主要驱动力。(4）与以往的 BS 污染控制行动相比，UBIBSM 是过去 20 年中在改善近岸水域透明度方面最成功的行动。这些结果证明，UBIBSM 利用卫星海洋颜色观测的长期一致和客观的数据记录，实现了显著的水质改善。

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来源期刊

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 地学-海洋学

CiteScore

2.50

自引率

7.10%

发文量

3884

审稿时长

9 months

期刊介绍： Founded in 1982, Acta Oceanologica Sinica is the official bi-monthly journal of the Chinese Society of Oceanography. It seeks to provide a forum for research papers in the field of oceanography from all over the world. In working to advance scholarly communication it has made the fast publication of high-quality research papers within this field its primary goal. The journal encourages submissions from all branches of oceanography, including marine physics, marine chemistry, marine geology, marine biology, marine hydrology, marine meteorology, ocean engineering, marine remote sensing and marine environment sciences. It publishes original research papers, review articles as well as research notes covering the whole spectrum of oceanography. Special issues emanating from related conferences and meetings are also considered. All papers are subject to peer review and are published online at SpringerLink.