Christopher Wiedfeld, Gisela Skopp, Frank Musshoff
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
As gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) underlies fast metabolization, its determination from hair may presumably offer a detection window superior to that of body fluids. Due to the wide range of endogenous concentration levels, the evidence of an exogenous ingestion is challenging. As already shown for other drugs, the temporal resolution obtained by applying single hair microanalysis provides further information. Therefore, a method for the extraction and quantification of GHB in 2-mm hair segments (seg) was optimized and validated (limit of detection [LOD]: 2.5 pg/seg, lower limit of quantification [LLOQ]: 5 pg/seg), and five single hairs were examined, each for three non-users and for three (alleged) users. A major challenge was the choice of appropriate extraction tubes without remains of GHB. In two samples from non-users, GHB could not or could only be detected in trace amounts. In the third sample, concentrations between the LOD and 31.1 pg/seg (mean: 9.5, median: 8.4; each pg/seg) were detected with decreasing values towards the tips. In two samples of persons with assumed GHB intake, maximum concentrations of 6.8 and 30.7 pg/seg were measured, but no significant concentration peaks indicating a single ingestion could be observed. The third sample showed concentrations of 7.6-55.2 pg/seg (mean: 28.8, median: 29.6; each pg/seg). In this case, the obtained profiles showing at least two reproducible concentration maxima between 20 and 40 mm point to an ingestion of GHB. The concentration profiles from single hairs were reproducible in each case, reflecting the concentration course of routine 1-cm segmental analysis. These are the first results published on GHB testing in segmented single hairs, and the results must be verified further.
期刊介绍：
As the incidence of drugs escalates in 21st century living, their detection and analysis have become increasingly important. Sport, the workplace, crime investigation, homeland security, the pharmaceutical industry and the environment are just some of the high profile arenas in which analytical testing has provided an important investigative tool for uncovering the presence of extraneous substances.
In addition to the usual publishing fare of primary research articles, case reports and letters, Drug Testing and Analysis offers a unique combination of; ‘How to’ material such as ‘Tutorials’ and ‘Reviews’, Speculative pieces (‘Commentaries’ and ‘Perspectives'', providing a broader scientific and social context to the aspects of analytical testing), ‘Annual banned substance reviews’ (delivering a critical evaluation of the methods used in the characterization of established and newly outlawed compounds).
Rather than focus on the application of a single technique, Drug Testing and Analysis employs a unique multidisciplinary approach to the field of controversial compound determination. Papers discussing chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunological approaches, 1D/2D gel electrophoresis, to name just a few select methods, are welcomed where their application is related to any of the six key topics listed below.
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