Formation and ecological response of sand patches in the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway, China

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Arid Land Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI:10.1007/s40333-024-0006-2
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Abstract

The development of bare patches typically signifies a process of ecosystem degradation. Within the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway, the extensive emergence of bare sand patches poses a threat to both stability and sustainability. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the morphology, dynamic changes, and ecological responses associated with these sand patches. Therefore, we analyzed the formation and development process of sand patches within the protection system and its effects on herbaceous vegetation growth and soil nutrients through field observation, survey, and indoor analysis methods. The results showed that sand patch development can be divided into three stages, i.e., formation, expansion, and stabilization, which correspond to the initial, actively developing, and semi-fixed sand patches, respectively. The average dimensions of all sand patch erosional areas were found to be 7.72 m in length, 3.91 m in width, and 0.32 m in depth. The actively developing sand patches were the largest, and the initial sand patches were the smallest. Throughout the stage of formation and expansion, the herbaceous community composition changed, and the plant density decreased by more than 50.95%. Moreover, the coverage and height of herbaceous plants decreased in the erosional area and slightly increased in the depositional lobe; and the fine particles and nutrients of soils in the erosional area and depositional lobe showed a decreasing trend. In the stabilization phases of sand patches, the area from the inlet to the bottom of sand patches becomes initially covered with crusts. Vegetation and 0–2 cm surface soil condition improved in the erosional area, but this improvement was not yet evident in the depositional lobe. Factors such as disturbance, climate change, and surface resistance to erosion exert notable influences on the formation and dynamics of sand patches. The results can provide evidence for the future treatment of sand patches and the management of the protection system of Shapotou section of the Baotou-Lanzhou railway.

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中国包头至兰州铁路沙坡头段防护体系中沙斑块的形成及生态响应
摘要 裸露沙地的出现通常意味着生态系统的退化过程。在包头至兰州铁路沙坡头段的保护系统中,裸露沙地的大面积出现对其稳定性和可持续性都构成了威胁。然而,有关这些沙斑的形态、动态变化和生态响应的知识却很有限。因此,我们通过实地观察、调查和室内分析等方法,分析了保护系统内沙地斑块的形成、发展过程及其对草本植被生长和土壤养分的影响。结果表明,沙斑块的发展可分为形成、扩展和稳定三个阶段,分别对应初始沙斑块、积极发展沙斑块和半固定沙斑块。所有砂斑侵蚀区的平均尺寸为长 7.72 米、宽 3.91 米、深 0.32 米。发育活跃的砂斑面积最大,初始砂斑面积最小。在整个形成和扩展阶段,草本群落组成发生了变化,植物密度下降了 50.95% 以上。此外,草本植物的覆盖度和高度在侵蚀区有所下降,在沉积叶区略有上升;侵蚀区和沉积叶区土壤的细颗粒和养分呈下降趋势。在砂斑块的稳定阶段,从入口到底部的砂斑块区域最初被结壳覆盖。侵蚀区的植被和 0-2 厘米表层土壤条件有所改善,但这种改善在沉积叶还不明显。扰动、气候变化和地表抗侵蚀能力等因素对沙斑的形成和动态有显著影响。研究结果可为今后的沙斑块治理和包兰铁路沙坡头段防护系统的管理提供依据。
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来源期刊
Journal of Arid Land
Journal of Arid Land ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
768
审稿时长
3.2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Arid Land is an international peer-reviewed journal co-sponsored by Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press. It aims to meet the needs of researchers, students and practitioners in sustainable development and eco-environmental management, focusing on the arid and semi-arid lands in Central Asia and the world at large. The Journal covers such topics as the dynamics of natural resources (including water, soil and land, organism and climate), the security and sustainable development of natural resources, and the environment and the ecology in arid and semi-arid lands, especially in Central Asia. Coverage also includes interactions between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere, and the relationship between these natural processes and human activities. Also discussed are patterns of geography, ecology and environment; ecological improvement and environmental protection; and regional responses and feedback mechanisms to global change. The Journal of Arid Land also presents reviews, brief communications, trends and book reviews of work on these topics.
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