Microsyntax meets macrosyntax: Russian neg-words revisited

IF 0.9 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS RUSSIAN LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI:10.1007/s11185-024-09290-7
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Abstract

This paper offers a new analysis of Russian syntactic idioms consisting of stressed general negation n´e- fused with a wh-word (k-word). The elements from this class take infinitival complements and select dative subjects. The clauses with Russian neg-words like mne negde spat’ ‘I have no space to sleep’ and their affirmative counterparts represent the modal existential construction conveying the meaning ‘p is (not) available & X can (not) do q’. I argue that while the perspective of checking Russian modal existentials on a class of embedded wh-infinitives is important, it must be complemented by a comparison of idioms of the mne negde spat’ type with two productive sentence patterns—dative-predicative and dative-infinitive structures. The former are control structures, where dative subjects are matrix clause elements, while the latter have raising properties. Syntactic idioms display mixed properties: on the one hand, they match the overt syntax of dative predicatives, on the other hand, show residual raising effects and license derived non-animate subjects. Like root dative-infinitive structures, syntactic idioms express the meaning of external (alethic) modality, but the same type of modality can be expressed by some dative predicatives. The clauses with neg-words originated as embedded dative-infinitive structures, a type marginally acceptable in Modern Russian, while the dative-predicative construction extends its coverage and assimilates neg-words. The neg-words are derived by the movement of k-words into the matrix clause. If a case-marked k-word raises to a non-argument position, it loses morphological case and the neg-word is reanalyzed as a predicative. If a case-marked k-word raises to the subject position, the neg-word inherits the case of the k-word, which is possible only for dative k-words komu and čemu.

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微观语法与宏观语法的结合:俄语否定词语再探
摘要 本文对俄语句法惯用语进行了新的分析,这些惯用语由强调的一般否定词 n´e- 和一个 wh-word (k-word) 融合而成。该类成语的语素具有无限补语和选择助动词主语的特点。像 mne negde spat''我没有地方睡觉'这样带有俄语否定词的分句和它们的肯定对应词代表了模态存在结构,表达了'p 是(不)可用的& X 可以(不)做 q'的意思。我认为,在一类嵌入式wh-不定式上检查俄语模态存在性的视角固然重要,但还必须将'mne negde spat'类型的习语与两种生产性句型--助词-谓词结构和助词-不定式结构--进行比较,作为补充。前者是控制结构,其中的助动词主语是矩阵子句元素,而后者则具有提升属性。句法惯用语显示出混合属性:一方面,它们与助词谓语的公开句法相匹配,另一方面,它们显示出残余的提升效果,并允许派生非生命主语。与词根助动词-不定式结构一样,句法习语表达的是外部(alethic)模态的意义,但某些助动词谓语也能表达相同类型的模态。带有否定词的分句起源于嵌入式助动词-不定式结构,这种类型在现代俄语中略微可以接受,而助动词-谓语结构扩大了其覆盖范围并吸收了否定词。否定词是通过将 k 词移入基体分句而派生出来的。如果一个有大小写标记的 k-词上升到非论据位置,它就会失去形态大小写,否定词就会被重新分析为谓语。如果一个有大小写标记的 k-词上升到主语位置,否定词就会继承 k-词的大小写,这只有助动词 komu 和 čemu 才有可能。
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来源期刊
RUSSIAN LINGUISTICS
RUSSIAN LINGUISTICS LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS-
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: Russian Linguistics is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the empirical and theoretical study of Russian and other Slavic languages in all their diversity. It is open to all areas of linguistics, welcoming empirical, theoretical and applied approaches as well as in-depth qualitative and larger-scale quantitative studies from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. Russian Linguistics publishes three types of articles: 1) original articles as full reports of data from own research, 2) reviews of recent research (not older than 2 years), 3) squibs as shorter contributions initiating discussions relevant within their field and to the specific question they address. The journal invites submissions written in English or Russian. It is recommended to write in English in order to facilitate a wider outreach in the linguistic community.
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