Self-organised dynamics beyond scaling of avalanches: Cyclic stress fluctuations in critical sandpiles

Bosiljka Tadic, Alexander Shapoval, Mikhail Shnirman
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Abstract

Recognising changes in collective dynamics in complex systems is essential for predicting potential events and their development. Possessing intrinsic attractors with laws associated with scale invariance, self-organised critical dynamics represent a suitable example for quantitatively studying changes in collective behaviour. We consider two prototypal models of self-organised criticality, the sandpile automata with deterministic (Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld) and probabilistic (Manna model) dynamical rules, focusing on the nature of stress fluctuations induced by driving - adding grains during the avalanche propagation, and dissipation through avalanches that hit the system boundary. Our analysis of stress evolution time series reveals robust cycles modulated by collective fluctuations with dissipative avalanches. These modulated cycles are multifractal within a broad range of time scales. Features of the associated singularity spectra capture the differences in the dynamic rules behind the self-organised critical states and their response to the increased driving rate, altering the process stochasticity and causing a loss of avalanche scaling. In the related sequences of outflow current, the first return distributions are found to follow modified laws that describe different pathways to the gradual loss of cooperative behaviour in these two models. The spontaneous appearance of cycles is another characteristic of self-organised criticality. It can also help identify the prominence of self-organisational phenomenology in an empirical time series when underlying interactions and driving modes remain hidden.
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超越雪崩规模的自组织动力学:临界砂桩的循环应力波动
识别复杂系统中集体动力学的变化对于预测潜在事件及其发展至关重要。自组织临界动力学具有与尺度不变性相关的固有曳光度,是定量研究集体行为变化的合适范例。我们考虑了自组织临界的两个原型模型,即具有确定性(Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld)和非确定性(Manna 模型)动力学规则的沙堆自动机,重点研究了由驱动力诱发的应力波动的性质--在雪崩传播过程中添加晶粒,以及通过撞击系统边界的雪崩进行耗散。这些被调制的周期在广泛的时间尺度范围内是多分形的。相关稀疏性频谱的特征捕捉到了自组织临界状态背后动态规则的差异,以及它们对增加的驱动力的响应,改变了过程的随机性并导致雪崩尺度的丧失。在相关的流出电流序列中,发现第一返回分布遵循修正的规律,这些规律描述了这两个模型中逐渐丧失合作行为的不同途径。周期的自发出现是自组织临界性的另一个特征。当潜在的相互作用和驱动模式仍被隐藏时,它还有助于识别自组织现象学在经验时间序列中的突出地位。
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