Contribution of individual sources of volatile organic compounds to their cancer and non-cancer risks in the multi-industrial city of Ulsan, South Korea
Seong-Joon Kim, Sang-Jin Lee, Hyunjoo Kim, Youwei Hong, Sung-Deuk Choi
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the major sources and health risks associated with atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the spatial variability of the impact of their emission sources on health risks has rarely been studied. In this study, passive air sampling of VOCs was conducted at 24 sites in Ulsan, the largest industrial city in South Korea. Toluene exhibited the highest time-averaged concentration (6.37 µg/m3), followed by m,p,o-xylenes (4.69 µg/m3), ethyl acetate (3.26 µg/m3), and ethylbenzene (2.70 µg/m3). Higher concentrations of total (Σ59) VOCs and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m,p,o-xylenes) were observed near industrial complexes. The mean cumulative (Σ11) cancer risk was 9.1E-6, with the highest contribution from benzene (4.7E-6), while the mean cumulative (Σ17) non-cancer risk was 2.6E-1, primarily driven by naphthalene (1.7E-1), suggesting the importance of carcinogenic VOCs. Five major sources were identified using the positive matrix factorization model, revealing the dominance of industrial activities. Both cancer and non-cancer risks were elevated in the petrochemical industrial complex, which is located close to densely populated areas. Consequently, prioritized management of VOC exposure to workers and residents is necessary for the petrochemical industrial complex and nearby residential areas.
期刊介绍：
Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health.
It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes.
International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements.
This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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