Tracing the Eh–pH evolution of Cu–Pb–As–Zn supergene mineralization using detailed petrography in the Cap Garonne mineral deposit (Provence, France)

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Mineralium Deposita Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI:10.1007/s00126-024-01258-3
Poot Julien, Buelens Pierre, Dekoninck Augustin, Rochez Gaëtan, Yans Johan
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Abstract

The supergene zone of the Cap Garonne mineral deposit (Provence, France) hosts one of the most remarkable mineralogy in the world with no less than 150 minerals, 16 of which are type locality. Such mineral diversity offers a detailed view of mineral and geochemical changes during weathering processes. The stratabound epigenetic primary mineralization occurs within a few meters-thick fluvial conglomerates resting above the Permian–Triassic transition and is probably related to Late Triassic–Early Jurassic hydrothermal events. The Cu–As mineralization in the lower part of the conglomerates is locally overlapped by a thin Pb–Zn-rich layer in the northern mine. The results show that the weathered part is significantly enriched in Cu, Pb, As, Zn, Ag, Ba, Sb, and Bi. The evolution of the supergene fluid is traced in an Eh–pH diagram by the succession of sulfides I (tennantite, galena), sulfides II (covellite), arsenates (olivenite), sulfates and sulfo-arsenates (brochantite, anglesite), and carbonates (malachite, azurite, cerussite). The primary sulfide oxidation acidified the host conglomerate and enabled the crystallization of secondary sulfides and arsenates. Efficient and rapid neutralization by the calcite cement of the host conglomerate and chlorite in the matrix caused successive precipitation of arsenates, sulfates, and carbonates. The supergene processes could be related to major periods of weathering in Western Europe (Early Cretaceous–Late Oligocene/Early Miocene). Erosion-prone periods may have contributed to the stripping of the Pb–Zn-rich layer in the southern mine.

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利用 Cap Garonne 矿床(法国普罗旺斯)的详细岩相学追踪铜-铅-砷-锌超生矿化的 Eh-pH 演变过程
Cap Garonne 矿床(法国普罗旺斯)的超基性区拥有世界上最杰出的矿物学之一,其矿物不少于 150 种,其中 16 种属于类型产地。这种矿物多样性提供了风化过程中矿物和地球化学变化的详细情况。地层表生原生矿化发生在二叠纪-三叠纪过渡带上方几米厚的河道砾岩中,可能与晚三叠世-早侏罗世的热液事件有关。砾岩下部的铜锑矿化层与北部矿区的富铅锌薄层局部重叠。结果表明,风化部分明显富含铜、铅、砷、锌、银、钡、锑和铋。在 Eh-pH 图中,通过硫化物 I(天南星石、方铅矿)、硫化物 II(珂罗版石)、砷酸盐(橄榄石)、硫酸盐和硫砷酸盐(brochantite、anggeite)以及碳酸盐(孔雀石、天青石、铈镧矿)的演替,可以追踪超生流体的演化过程。原生硫化物的氧化作用酸化了主砾岩,使次生硫化物和砷酸盐得以结晶。主砾岩的方解石胶结物和基质中的绿泥石的高效快速中和作用导致砷酸盐、硫酸盐和碳酸盐相继沉淀。超新世过程可能与西欧的主要风化时期(早白垩世-晚渐新世/早中新世)有关。易受侵蚀时期可能导致了南部矿区富含铅锌层的剥蚀。
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来源期刊
Mineralium Deposita
Mineralium Deposita 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
61
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The journal Mineralium Deposita introduces new observations, principles, and interpretations from the field of economic geology, including nonmetallic mineral deposits, experimental and applied geochemistry, with emphasis on mineral deposits. It offers short and comprehensive articles, review papers, brief original papers, scientific discussions and news, as well as reports on meetings of importance to mineral research. The emphasis is on high-quality content and form for all articles and on international coverage of subject matter.
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