Enhancing inferences and conclusions in body image focused non-experimental research via a causal modelling approach: A tutorial

IF 5.2 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Body Image Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI:10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101704
Stephanie R. Aarsman , Christopher J. Greenwood , Jake Linardon , Rachel F. Rodgers , Mariel Messer , Hannah K. Jarman , Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
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Abstract

Causal inference is often the goal of psychological research. However, most researchers refrain from drawing causal conclusions based on non-experimental evidence. Despite the challenges associated with producing causal evidence from non-experimental data, it is crucial to address causal questions directly rather than avoiding them. Here we provide a clear, non-technical overview of the fundamental concepts (including the counterfactual framework and related assumptions) and tools that permit causal inference in non-experimental data, intended as a starting point for readers unfamiliar with the literature. Certain tools, such as the target trial framework and causal diagrams, have been developed to assist with the identification and reduction of potential biases in study design and analysis and the interpretation of findings. We apply these concepts and tools to a motivating example from the body image field. We assert that more precise and detailed elucidation of the barriers to causal inference within one’s study is arguably a key first step in the enhancement of non-experimental research and future intervention development and evaluation.

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通过因果建模方法加强以身体形象为重点的非实验研究中的推论和结论:教程
因果推论通常是心理学研究的目标。然而,大多数研究人员都避免根据非实验证据得出因果结论。尽管从非实验数据中得出因果证据存在挑战,但直接解决因果问题而不是回避这些问题至关重要。在此,我们将对基本概念(包括反事实框架和相关假设)和允许在非实验数据中进行因果推断的工具进行清晰、非技术性的概述,旨在为不熟悉相关文献的读者提供一个起点。某些工具,如目标试验框架和因果关系图,是为了帮助识别和减少研究设计和分析中的潜在偏差以及解释研究结果而开发的。我们将这些概念和工具应用于身体形象领域的一个激励性实例。我们认为,更准确、更详细地阐明研究中的因果推论障碍,可以说是加强非实验研究和未来干预措施开发与评估的关键第一步。
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来源期刊
Body Image
Body Image Multiple-
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
28.80%
发文量
174
期刊介绍: Body Image is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality, scientific articles on body image and human physical appearance. Body Image is a multi-faceted concept that refers to persons perceptions and attitudes about their own body, particularly but not exclusively its appearance. The journal invites contributions from a broad range of disciplines-psychological science, other social and behavioral sciences, and medical and health sciences. The journal publishes original research articles, brief research reports, theoretical and review papers, and science-based practitioner reports of interest. Dissertation abstracts are also published online, and the journal gives an annual award for the best doctoral dissertation in this field.
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