The 13-item Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2) measures generalised perceptions of body acceptance by others. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a novel Italian translation of the BAOS-2. Studies 1 (N = 401) and 2 (N = 393) supported a unidimensional model of the Italian BAOS-2 with all 13 items retained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Study 2 also supported measurement invariance of the Italian BAOS-2 across gender identity, with the gender difference in observed scores not reaching significance. In Study 3 (N = 365), we supported the construct validity of the Italian BAOS-2. Specifically, we found evidence of convergent validity (significant associations with indices of positive body image), criterion-related validity (significant associations with pressure to conform to appearance ideals and psychological well-being), and incremental validity (body acceptance predicted body appreciation over-and-above appearance-related pressure). These results suggest that the psychometric properties of the Italian BAOS-2 are robust and that this instrument can be confidently utilised in future research with Italian adults.
{"title":"Translation and psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2)","authors":"Amanda Nerini , Camilla Matera , Giulia Rosa Policardo , Monica Paradisi , Silvia Rivi , Viren Swami","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 13-item Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2) measures generalised perceptions of body acceptance by others. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a novel Italian translation of the BAOS-2. Studies 1 (<em>N</em> = 401) and 2 (<em>N</em> = 393) supported a unidimensional model of the Italian BAOS-2 with all 13 items retained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Study 2 also supported measurement invariance of the Italian BAOS-2 across gender identity, with the gender difference in observed scores not reaching significance. In Study 3 (<em>N</em> = 365), we supported the construct validity of the Italian BAOS-2. Specifically, we found evidence of convergent validity (significant associations with indices of positive body image), criterion-related validity (significant associations with pressure to conform to appearance ideals and psychological well-being), and incremental validity (body acceptance predicted body appreciation over-and-above appearance-related pressure). These results suggest that the psychometric properties of the Italian BAOS-2 are robust and that this instrument can be confidently utilised in future research with Italian adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101815"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101810
Erin T. Fitzpatrick , Natalie O. Rosen , James J. Kim , Marta T. Kolbuszewska , Gracielle C. Schwenck , Samantha J. Dawson
One of the most common reported postpartum concerns, linked with relationship dissatisfaction, is how body image will affect sexuality. Outside of the postpartum period, feeling more satisfied with one’s body is linked with feeling more sexually and relationally satisfied, with some cross-sectional evidence that sexual satisfaction mediates these associations. This dyadic daily experience study examined how new parents’ daily satisfaction with their own and their partner’s bodies relates to their own sexual satisfaction, and in turn, their own and their partner’s relationship satisfaction during a vulnerable time in their sexual and romantic relationship—3- to 4-months postpartum. First-time parent couples (N = 240) completed 21 daily surveys. On days when birthing parents reported greater satisfaction than usual with their own or their partner’s body, they reported higher sexual satisfaction and in turn, higher relationship satisfaction. On days when non-birthing parents reported greater satisfaction with their own or their partner’s body, they reported higher sexual satisfaction and in turn, both parents reported higher relationship satisfaction. Evidence of bidirectionality was also observed such that relationship satisfaction mediated links between body satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. Findings support that daily body satisfaction is important for both sexual and relationship satisfaction among postpartum couples.
{"title":"Sexual satisfaction mediates daily associations between body satisfaction and relationship satisfaction in new parent couples","authors":"Erin T. Fitzpatrick , Natalie O. Rosen , James J. Kim , Marta T. Kolbuszewska , Gracielle C. Schwenck , Samantha J. Dawson","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most common reported postpartum concerns, linked with relationship dissatisfaction, is how body image will affect sexuality. Outside of the postpartum period, feeling more satisfied with one’s body is linked with feeling more sexually and relationally satisfied, with some cross-sectional evidence that sexual satisfaction mediates these associations. This dyadic daily experience study examined how new parents’ daily satisfaction with their own and their partner’s bodies relates to their own sexual satisfaction, and in turn, their own and their partner’s relationship satisfaction during a vulnerable time in their sexual and romantic relationship—3- to 4-months postpartum. First-time parent couples (<em>N</em> = 240) completed 21 daily surveys. On days when birthing parents reported greater satisfaction than usual with their own or their partner’s body, they reported higher sexual satisfaction and in turn, higher relationship satisfaction. On days when non-birthing parents reported greater satisfaction with their own or their partner’s body, they reported higher sexual satisfaction and in turn, <em>both</em> parents reported higher relationship satisfaction. Evidence of bidirectionality was also observed such that relationship satisfaction mediated links between body satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. Findings support that daily body satisfaction is important for both sexual and relationship satisfaction among postpartum couples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101810"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101811
Jinbo He , Xi Chen , Serena Hu , Natasha L. Burke , Wesley R. Barnhart , Jason M. Nagata , Chun Chen
Empirical evidence, based on variable-centered approaches (e.g., correlation and regression analyses), supports robust links between weight and muscularity teasing and eating variables in men. However, limited research has considered the directions (i.e., high and low) of teasing or their combinations via person-centered approaches (e.g., latent class analysis). Thus, this study explored the relationships between four types of teasing (i.e., teasing for high weight, low weight, high muscularity, and low muscularity) and eating variables in 596 Chinese adult men using variable and person-centered approaches. Independent t-tests and regression analyses revealed that four types of teasing had unique associations with eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and intuitive eating. Latent class analysis identified four distinct teasing classes, including High Weight-Low Muscularity, Low Weight-Low Muscularity, Low Teasing, and High Weight-High Muscularity. Notably, individuals in the Low Teasing group consistently showed the lowest ED symptomatology and psychosocial impairment and the highest intuitive eating. Individuals in the High Weight-High Muscularity group exhibited the highest traditional ED symptomatology and the most severe psychosocial impairment. The findings highlight the importance of future research considering teasing directions and tailored interventions for adult men in certain subgroups at risk of eating disorder psychopathology (e.g., the High Weight-High Muscularity teasing group).
基于以变量为中心的方法（如相关和回归分析）的经验证据支持男性体重和肌肉戏弄与饮食变量之间的紧密联系。然而，通过以人为中心的方法（如潜类分析）来考虑戏弄的方向（即高和低）或它们的组合的研究却很有限。因此，本研究采用变量和以人为中心的方法，探讨了 596 名中国成年男性中四种类型的取笑（即对高体重、低体重、高肌肉和低肌肉的取笑）与饮食变量之间的关系。独立 t 检验和回归分析表明，四种类型的挑逗与进食障碍（ED）症状、与进食相关的社会心理障碍和直觉进食有独特的关联。潜类分析确定了四种不同的挑逗类型，包括高体重-低肌肉含量、低体重-低肌肉含量、低挑逗和高体重-高肌肉含量。值得注意的是，低挑逗组中的个体始终表现出最低的 ED 症状和心理社会损伤，以及最高的直觉饮食。高体重-高肌肉发达组的个体表现出最高的传统 ED 症状和最严重的心理社会损伤。研究结果强调了未来研究考虑挑逗方向的重要性，以及针对某些有饮食失调心理病理学风险的亚组（如高体重-高肌肉度挑逗组）成年男性进行有针对性干预的重要性。
{"title":"Links of weight and muscularity teasing with eating disorder symptomatology, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and intuitive eating in Chinese men: Teasing directions and combinations matter","authors":"Jinbo He , Xi Chen , Serena Hu , Natasha L. Burke , Wesley R. Barnhart , Jason M. Nagata , Chun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Empirical evidence, based on variable-centered approaches (e.g., correlation and regression analyses), supports robust links between weight and muscularity teasing and eating variables in men. However, limited research has considered the directions (i.e., high and low) of teasing or their combinations via person-centered approaches (e.g., latent class analysis). Thus, this study explored the relationships between four types of teasing (i.e., teasing for high weight, low weight, high muscularity, and low muscularity) and eating variables in 596 Chinese adult men using variable and person-centered approaches. Independent <em>t</em>-tests and regression analyses revealed that four types of teasing had unique associations with eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and intuitive eating. Latent class analysis identified four distinct teasing classes, including <em>High Weight-Low Muscularity</em>, <em>Low Weight-Low Muscularity</em>, <em>Low Teasing</em>, and <em>High Weight-High Muscularity</em>. Notably, individuals in the <em>Low Teasing</em> group consistently showed the lowest ED symptomatology and psychosocial impairment and the highest intuitive eating. Individuals in the <em>High Weight-High Muscularity</em> group exhibited the highest traditional ED symptomatology and the most severe psychosocial impairment. The findings highlight the importance of future research considering teasing directions and tailored interventions for adult men in certain subgroups at risk of eating disorder psychopathology (e.g., the <em>High Weight-High Muscularity</em> teasing group).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101811"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101813
Liang-shuang Yao , Geng-feng Niu , Xiao-jun Sun
The relationship between social media use, particularly exposure to idealized female images, and body image has been extensively examined through cross-sectional and experimental studies. However, further investigation is needed to explore the bidirectional relationship between them using longitudinal methods. This study examined the reciprocal relationships between social media ideals exposure and three different body image components - thin-ideal internalization, social appearance anxiety, and cosmetic surgery consideration, using a longitudinal design. A total sample of 406 Chinese female undergraduates (aged 17–24 years, Mage = 19.44, SD = 1.17) completed the baseline measurements, of whom 308 (aged 17–23 years, Mage = 19.29, SD = 1.05) completed the 6-month follow-up measurements. An integrated cross-lagged model showed that baseline social media ideals exposure (SMIE) was positively associated with 6-month follow-up cosmetic surgery consideration, baseline thin-ideal internalization was positively associated with 6-month follow-up SMIE, and baseline social appearance anxiety was negatively associated with 6-month follow-up SMIE; the reverses of the above associations were not significant. The study provided new insights into the reciprocal relationships between social media ideals exposure and different body image components.
{"title":"A longitudinal study on the relationships between social media ideals exposure and thin-ideal internalization, social appearance anxiety, and cosmetic surgery consideration","authors":"Liang-shuang Yao , Geng-feng Niu , Xiao-jun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between social media use, particularly exposure to idealized female images, and body image has been extensively examined through cross-sectional and experimental studies. However, further investigation is needed to explore the bidirectional relationship between them using longitudinal methods. This study examined the reciprocal relationships between social media ideals exposure and three different body image components - thin-ideal internalization, social appearance anxiety, and cosmetic surgery consideration, using a longitudinal design. A total sample of 406 Chinese female undergraduates (aged 17–24 years, <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 19.44, <em>SD</em> = 1.17) completed the baseline measurements, of whom 308 (aged 17–23 years, <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 19.29, <em>SD</em> = 1.05) completed the 6-month follow-up measurements. An integrated cross-lagged model showed that baseline social media ideals exposure (SMIE) was positively associated with 6-month follow-up cosmetic surgery consideration, baseline thin-ideal internalization was positively associated with 6-month follow-up SMIE, and baseline social appearance anxiety was negatively associated with 6-month follow-up SMIE; the reverses of the above associations were not significant. The study provided new insights into the reciprocal relationships between social media ideals exposure and different body image components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101813"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101814
Song Zhou , Qingli Guan , Kefeng Feng , Man Leng , Xinyu Ma , Wenbo Zhou
Previous studies have found a significant relationship between physical activity and proactive coping, but the directionality of the relationship and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study examined the longitudinal relationships between physical activity, proactive coping, and body appreciation. A total of 376 college students (265 males, 111 females; Mage = 22.55, SD = 2.26) were recruited for this three-wave survey. The results of cross-lagged panel models showed that physical activity positively predicted proactive coping in the future and that body appreciation had a positive reciprocal relationship with physical activity and proactive coping, respectively. However, the effect of proactive coping on physical activity was not significant. These findings provide support for helping adults cope with threats such as stress by recognizing the key role of physical activity.
{"title":"Longitudinal relationships between physical activity, body appreciation, and proactive coping in college students: A cross-lagged panel model","authors":"Song Zhou , Qingli Guan , Kefeng Feng , Man Leng , Xinyu Ma , Wenbo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have found a significant relationship between physical activity and proactive coping, but the directionality of the relationship and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study examined the longitudinal relationships between physical activity, proactive coping, and body appreciation. A total of 376 college students (265 males, 111 females; <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 22.55, <em>SD</em> = 2.26) were recruited for this three-wave survey. The results of cross-lagged panel models showed that physical activity positively predicted proactive coping in the future and that body appreciation had a positive reciprocal relationship with physical activity and proactive coping, respectively. However, the effect of proactive coping on physical activity was not significant. These findings provide support for helping adults cope with threats such as stress by recognizing the key role of physical activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101814"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101806
Lanting Cheng , Yinuo Xu , Wesley R. Barnhart , Christina M. Gaggiano , Jason M. Nagata , Jinbo He
Prior research demonstrates positive associations between muscularity dissatisfaction and an array of negative health outcomes, including muscularity-oriented disordered eating, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress. However, muscularity dissatisfaction differs by gender and is not always linked to these outcomes, indicating the existence of moderators of these associations. We proposed and examined muscularity bias internalization (MBI) as a moderator of these associations. The study included online samples of 450 Chinese men and 450 Chinese women who completed measures assessing MBI, muscularity dissatisfaction, muscularity-oriented disordered eating, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress. Pearson correlation analyses examined the bivariate associations among study variables. Multiple linear regression analyses examined the moderating effects of MBI. Results revealed that both muscularity dissatisfaction and MBI were significantly and positively related to all outcome variables, except for a non-significant correlation between muscularity dissatisfaction and psychological distress in women. MBI was a significant moderator in men, not women, with muscularity dissatisfaction being more strongly and positively related to all outcome variables in men reporting higher MBI. Our study provides preliminary evidence supporting gender differences in the role of MBI in the associations of muscularity dissatisfaction with muscularity-oriented eating disorder psychopathology and psychosocial well-being.
先前的研究表明，肌肉不满意与一系列负面健康结果之间存在正相关，包括以肌肉为导向的饮食紊乱、与饮食相关的心理社会损伤和心理困扰。然而，肌肉不满意度因性别而异，而且并不总是与这些结果相关联，这表明这些关联存在调节因素。我们提出并研究了肌肉发达偏见内化（MBI）作为这些关联的调节因素。这项研究纳入了 450 名中国男性和 450 名中国女性的在线样本，他们完成了评估 MBI、肌肉不满意度、以肌肉为导向的饮食紊乱、与饮食相关的心理社会损伤和心理困扰的测量。皮尔逊相关分析检验了研究变量之间的双变量关联。多元线性回归分析检验了 MBI 的调节作用。结果显示，除了女性的肌肉不满意和心理压力之间的相关性不显著外，肌肉不满意和MBI与所有结果变量都有显著的正相关。在男性中，MBI 是一个重要的调节因子，而在女性中则不是，在报告 MBI 较高的男性中，肌肉不满意与所有结果变量之间的关系更强，且呈正相关。我们的研究提供了初步证据，证明在肌肉发达不满意与以肌肉发达为导向的饮食失调心理病理学和社会心理健康之间的关联中，肌肉发达不满意的作用存在性别差异。
{"title":"Muscularity bias internalization moderates the associations of muscularity dissatisfaction with muscularity-oriented disordered eating and psychosocial well-being in men but not women","authors":"Lanting Cheng , Yinuo Xu , Wesley R. Barnhart , Christina M. Gaggiano , Jason M. Nagata , Jinbo He","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior research demonstrates positive associations between muscularity dissatisfaction and an array of negative health outcomes, including muscularity-oriented disordered eating, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress. However, muscularity dissatisfaction differs by gender and is not always linked to these outcomes, indicating the existence of moderators of these associations. We proposed and examined muscularity bias internalization (MBI) as a moderator of these associations. The study included online samples of 450 Chinese men and 450 Chinese women who completed measures assessing MBI, muscularity dissatisfaction, muscularity-oriented disordered eating, eating-related psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress. Pearson correlation analyses examined the bivariate associations among study variables. Multiple linear regression analyses examined the moderating effects of MBI. Results revealed that both muscularity dissatisfaction and MBI were significantly and positively related to all outcome variables, except for a non-significant correlation between muscularity dissatisfaction and psychological distress in women. MBI was a significant moderator in men, not women, with muscularity dissatisfaction being more strongly and positively related to all outcome variables in men reporting higher MBI. Our study provides preliminary evidence supporting gender differences in the role of MBI in the associations of muscularity dissatisfaction with muscularity-oriented eating disorder psychopathology and psychosocial well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101806"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101807
Scott Griffiths , Emily A. Harris , Grace Whitehead , Felicity Angelopoulos , Ben Stone , Wesley Grey , Simon Dennis
TikTok employs sophisticated algorithms to deliver users increasingly personalised content over time. We investigated the potential for these algorithms to exacerbate eating disorder symptoms by analysing 1.03 million TikTok videos delivered to 42 individuals with eating disorders (76 % anorexia nervosa) and 49 healthy controls over one month. Within this video corpus, we identified four video categories relevant to eating disorder psychopathology: appearance-oriented videos, dieting videos, exercise videos, and toxic eating disorder (akin to “pro-anorexia”) videos. Multi-level models predicted the likelihood of users’ algorithms delivering these videos and the likelihood of users “liking” (i.e., volitionally engaging with) these videos. Algorithms belonging to users with eating disorders delivered more appearance-oriented (+146 %), dieting (+335 %), exercise (+142 %), and toxic eating disorder videos (+4343 %). Stronger biases in users’ algorithms toward these videos were associated with more severe eating disorder symptoms. Whilst users with eating disorders were slightly more likely to “like” these problematic video categories (e.g., dieting videos: +23 % versus controls), their algorithms were far more likely to deliver these videos in the first place (dieting videos: +335 % versus controls). Our results provide preliminary evidence that the TikTok algorithm might exacerbate eating disorder symptoms via content personalisation processes that are desensitised to volitional user actions (i.e., “liking” videos).
{"title":"Does TikTok contribute to eating disorders? A comparison of the TikTok algorithms belonging to individuals with eating disorders versus healthy controls","authors":"Scott Griffiths , Emily A. Harris , Grace Whitehead , Felicity Angelopoulos , Ben Stone , Wesley Grey , Simon Dennis","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TikTok employs sophisticated algorithms to deliver users increasingly personalised content over time. We investigated the potential for these algorithms to exacerbate eating disorder symptoms by analysing 1.03 million TikTok videos delivered to 42 individuals with eating disorders (76 % anorexia nervosa) and 49 healthy controls over one month. Within this video corpus, we identified four video categories relevant to eating disorder psychopathology: appearance-oriented videos, dieting videos, exercise videos, and toxic eating disorder (akin to “pro-anorexia”) videos. Multi-level models predicted the likelihood of users’ algorithms delivering these videos and the likelihood of users “liking” (i.e., volitionally engaging with) these videos. Algorithms belonging to users with eating disorders delivered more appearance-oriented (+146 %), dieting (+335 %), exercise (+142 %), and toxic eating disorder videos (+4343 %). Stronger biases in users’ algorithms toward these videos were associated with more severe eating disorder symptoms. Whilst users with eating disorders were slightly more likely to “like” these problematic video categories (e.g., dieting videos: +23 % versus controls), their algorithms were far more likely to deliver these videos in the first place (dieting videos: +335 % versus controls). Our results provide preliminary evidence that the TikTok algorithm might exacerbate eating disorder symptoms via content personalisation processes that are desensitised to volitional user actions (i.e., “liking” videos).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101807"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101809
Emma Waite, Jade Parnell, Ella Guest, Diana Harcourt, Rachel Stokes, Amy Slater
Appearance concerns are a pervasive issue affecting many university students and contributing to poor psychosocial and academic outcomes. To combat these, action is needed by universities to promote appearance inclusivity. The current study used inductive qualitative methods to explore students’ lived and/or living experiences and concerns relating to their physical appearance and views on how to achieve an appearance inclusive university. Seventeen students aged 19–55 from a UK university participated in online semi-structured interviews (n=12) and focus groups (n=5). Thirteen participants were women, three were men, and one was non-binary. Interviews and focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Students identified several ways appearance concerns had negatively impacted them and supported an increased focus on appearance inclusivity at university. Three themes were developed: 1) appearance has a big impact on my university life; 2) it’s not the same for everyone (i.e., individual differences and intersectionality impact students’ experiences); and 3) intentional change is needed (i.e., change is necessary to improve appearance inclusivity, but it should be consciously thought out). Strategies to improve appearance inclusivity should be prioritised and carefully considered to avoid tokenism and ensure they centre the needs of those from underrepresented groups.
{"title":"“Make sure that everybody feels there is a space for them”: Understanding and promoting appearance inclusivity at university.","authors":"Emma Waite, Jade Parnell, Ella Guest, Diana Harcourt, Rachel Stokes, Amy Slater","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Appearance concerns are a pervasive issue affecting many university students and contributing to poor psychosocial and academic outcomes. To combat these, action is needed by universities to promote appearance inclusivity. The current study used inductive qualitative methods to explore students’ lived and/or living experiences and concerns relating to their physical appearance and views on how to achieve an appearance inclusive university. Seventeen students aged 19–55 from a UK university participated in online semi-structured interviews (<em>n=12)</em> and focus groups (<em>n=5)</em>. Thirteen participants were women, three were men, and one was non-binary. Interviews and focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Students identified several ways appearance concerns had negatively impacted them and supported an increased focus on appearance inclusivity at university. Three themes were developed: 1) appearance has a big impact on my university life; 2) it’s not the same for everyone (i.e., individual differences and intersectionality impact students’ experiences); and 3) intentional change is needed (i.e., change is necessary to improve appearance inclusivity, but it should be consciously thought out). Strategies to improve appearance inclusivity should be prioritised and carefully considered to avoid tokenism and ensure they centre the needs of those from underrepresented groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101809"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101808
Wesley R. Barnhart , Jiayi Han , Yuchen Zhang , Wenjing Luo , Yuhang Li , Jason M. Nagata , Jinbo He
General early-life bullying victimization has been used as an early-life marker of eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being later in life. We expand existing research in this area to Chinese sexual minority (SM) men, a vulnerable and under-researched subgroup, by considering associations of general early-life bullying victimization with current eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being. We assessed demographics, general early-life bullying victimization, past appearance teasing, current thinness- and muscularity-oriented eating and body image disturbances, and current psychosocial well-being in Chinese SM men (N = 433). Correlation and hierarchical linear regressions examined the study hypotheses. Beyond covariates (e.g., age) and past appearance teasing, general early-life bullying victimization explained significant, unique variance in all outcome variables. Specifically, higher general early-life bullying victimization was uniquely associated with more current thinness- and muscularity-oriented eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being. Consistent with research in the Western context, findings suggest that general early-life bullying victimization is a meaningful, positive correlate of current eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being in Chinese SM men. Future research considering sexual minority stress as a theoretical backdrop may help explain associations between general early-life bullying victimization and negative health outcomes.
{"title":"Reported higher general early-life bullying victimization is uniquely associated with more eating pathology and poor psychosocial well-being in Chinese sexual minority men","authors":"Wesley R. Barnhart , Jiayi Han , Yuchen Zhang , Wenjing Luo , Yuhang Li , Jason M. Nagata , Jinbo He","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>General early-life bullying victimization has been used as an early-life marker of eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being later in life. We expand existing research in this area to Chinese sexual minority (SM) men, a vulnerable and under-researched subgroup, by considering associations of general early-life bullying victimization with current eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being. We assessed demographics, general early-life bullying victimization, past appearance teasing, current thinness- and muscularity-oriented eating and body image disturbances, and current psychosocial well-being in Chinese SM men (<em>N</em> = 433). Correlation and hierarchical linear regressions examined the study hypotheses. Beyond covariates (e.g., age) and past appearance teasing, general early-life bullying victimization explained significant, unique variance in all outcome variables. Specifically, higher general early-life bullying victimization was uniquely associated with more current thinness- and muscularity-oriented eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being. Consistent with research in the Western context, findings suggest that general early-life bullying victimization is a meaningful, positive correlate of current eating and body image disturbances and poor psychosocial well-being in Chinese SM men. Future research considering sexual minority stress as a theoretical backdrop may help explain associations between general early-life bullying victimization and negative health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101808"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101804
E.A. Harris, P. Koval, W. Grey, K.H. Greenaway, E.K. Kalokerinos, S. Griffiths
Prominent theories of gender suggest that gender can be variable, rather than static. For example, a person may experience changes in their masculinity and femininity in daily life, which we refer to as ‘state gender variability.’ Theory and research suggest that the degree to which masculinity and femininity fluctuate may have implications for body satisfaction. In this study, we analysed intensive longitudinal data to gain nuanced insights into how masculinity and femininity vary in everyday life among a sample of majority cis-gender sexual minority men. We first present a comprehensive descriptive analysis of gender variability. Second, we test whether individual differences in gender variability are associated with body satisfaction. Masculinity and femininity were moderately stable, with substantial within-person variability. Masculinity and femininity tended to be more variable than state body satisfaction and negative affect. Further, variability and instability in masculinity were associated with lower body satisfaction. Conversely, variability in femininity was associated with higher scores on body satisfaction. Our study contributes to a growing literature examining the implications of masculinity and femininity for sexual minority men’s body image and opens up new lines of inquiry focused on state gender variability.
{"title":"State gender variability and body satisfaction among sexual minority men","authors":"E.A. Harris, P. Koval, W. Grey, K.H. Greenaway, E.K. Kalokerinos, S. Griffiths","doi":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prominent theories of gender suggest that gender can be variable, rather than static. For example, a person may experience changes in their masculinity and femininity in daily life, which we refer to as ‘state gender variability.’ Theory and research suggest that the degree to which masculinity and femininity fluctuate may have implications for body satisfaction. In this study, we analysed intensive longitudinal data to gain nuanced insights into how masculinity and femininity vary in everyday life among a sample of majority cis-gender sexual minority men. We first present a comprehensive descriptive analysis of gender variability. Second, we test whether individual differences in gender variability are associated with body satisfaction. Masculinity and femininity were moderately stable, with substantial within-person variability. Masculinity and femininity tended to be more variable than state body satisfaction and negative affect. Further, variability and instability in masculinity were associated with lower body satisfaction. Conversely, variability in femininity was associated with higher scores on body satisfaction. Our study contributes to a growing literature examining the implications of masculinity and femininity for sexual minority men’s body image and opens up new lines of inquiry focused on state gender variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48312,"journal":{"name":"Body Image","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101804"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142560614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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