Recent Advances in Using Microwaves to Prepare Chemicals at the Industrial Level

Abstract

Microwave-assisted synthesis has faced challenges in implementing its use at the in-dustrial level in recent decades, including scaling up the processes. While microwave-assisted synthesis is established on a laboratory scale, there are some drawbacks associated with it, in-cluding the equipment and operational costs of the specialized microwave reactors, safety con-cerns due to high temperatures and pressures, reaction selectivity, capacity to control the rapid heating and cooling rates associated with the kinetics of some reactions, and optimization of re-producibility in the results. This manuscript discusses the relevant and recent news in the last ten years about the application of industrial reactors for producing chemicals at the industrial level.