{"title":"江西吉水方言连-介词“做(伴)”: 的功能和语义演变","authors":"桂兰 李","doi":"10.1353/jcl.2024.a919402","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"摘要: 江西吉水方言的“做”有普通话“和”的介词和连词功能,可引出协同对象、言谈对象、比较对象和并列对象。连-介词“做”的功能一般可以用“做伴(/嘙/得)”替换。文章以“做”为代表观察“做”及双音节形式的功能后指出,“做”是“做伴”语音弱化的结果,伴随介词“做伴[ʦɿ31–51 phon512–20]”源于相伴义动词“做伴[ʦɿ31–33 phon512]”,即在突显协同对象的连谓结构中,动词前的“做伴”发展出伴随介词功能,并发展出其他功能。考察发现,连-介词“做”及双音节形式也见于吉水周边的赣方言、吴方言和徽语,汉语方言中广泛存在相伴义动词发展出连-介词功能这种现象。① ABSTRACT: Similar with he or ken in Mandarin, ʦɿ 31-512 (做) of Jishui dialect in Jiangxi functions as comitative, animate directional and comparative preposition as well as coordinator, which can be substituted by the disyllabic functional words ʦɿ31–51 phon512–20 (做伴), ʦɿ31–51 pho20 (做嘙) or ʦɿ31–51 te20 (做得). This paper explores the functions of ʦɿ 31-512 as well as its disyllable and explores their semantic sources and pathway of semantic changes. It claims that the comitative ʦɿ 31-51 p h on 512-20 originates from verb ʦɿ 31-33 p h on 512meaning accompany , and it is reanalyzed with tonal change in the situation where ʦɿ 31-33 p h on 512 acts as the first verb with a prominent animate object of a serial verb construction. Then, on the one hand, the comitative ʦɿ 31-51 p h on 512-20 undergoes erosion into ʦɿ 31-51 p h o 512-20 or even into ʦɿ 3-512, and the latter one constitutes a compound disyllabic with suffix te 0. On the other hand, the disyllabic and monosyllabic comitatives are extended into other situations with other kinds of verb where they are reanalyzed into animate directional and comparative prepositions. Simultaneously, the comitatives are grammaticalized into coordinators, when the two participants make similar contributions to an event and hold equal status. Then it reveals that cognates of the preposition and coordinator ʦuo (做) or its compounds spread widely around Jishui dialect in Jiangxi as well as some Wu and Hui dialects, and it is common for verbs meaning accompany to develop into comitatives and coordinators.","PeriodicalId":44675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Chinese Linguistics","FirstCategoryId":"98","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jcl.2024.a919402","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"N/A","JCRName":"ASIAN STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
摘要: 江西吉水方言的“做”有普通话“和”的介词和连词功能,可引出协同对象、言谈对象、比较对象和并列对象。连-介词“做”的功能一般可以用“做伴(/嘙/得)”替换。文章以“做”为代表观察“做”及双音节形式的功能后指出,“做”是“做伴”语音弱化的结果,伴随介词“做伴[ʦɿ31–51 phon512–20]”源于相伴义动词“做伴[ʦɿ31–33 phon512]”,即在突显协同对象的连谓结构中,动词前的“做伴”发展出伴随介词功能,并发展出其他功能。考察发现,连-介词“做”及双音节形式也见于吉水周边的赣方言、吴方言和徽语,汉语方言中广泛存在相伴义动词发展出连-介词功能这种现象。① ABSTRACT: Similar with he or ken in Mandarin, ʦɿ 31-512 (做) of Jishui dialect in Jiangxi functions as comitative, animate directional and comparative preposition as well as coordinator, which can be substituted by the disyllabic functional words ʦɿ31–51 phon512–20 (做伴), ʦɿ31–51 pho20 (做嘙) or ʦɿ31–51 te20 (做得). This paper explores the functions of ʦɿ 31-512 as well as its disyllable and explores their semantic sources and pathway of semantic changes. It claims that the comitative ʦɿ 31-51 p h on 512-20 originates from verb ʦɿ 31-33 p h on 512meaning accompany , and it is reanalyzed with tonal change in the situation where ʦɿ 31-33 p h on 512 acts as the first verb with a prominent animate object of a serial verb construction. Then, on the one hand, the comitative ʦɿ 31-51 p h on 512-20 undergoes erosion into ʦɿ 31-51 p h o 512-20 or even into ʦɿ 3-512, and the latter one constitutes a compound disyllabic with suffix te 0. On the other hand, the disyllabic and monosyllabic comitatives are extended into other situations with other kinds of verb where they are reanalyzed into animate directional and comparative prepositions. Simultaneously, the comitatives are grammaticalized into coordinators, when the two participants make similar contributions to an event and hold equal status. Then it reveals that cognates of the preposition and coordinator ʦuo (做) or its compounds spread widely around Jishui dialect in Jiangxi as well as some Wu and Hui dialects, and it is common for verbs meaning accompany to develop into comitatives and coordinators.
摘要:江西吉水方言的 "做 "有普通话 "和 "的介词和连词功能,可引出协同对象、言谈对象、比较对象和并列对象。连-介词 "做 "的功能一般可以用 "做伴(/嘙/得) "替换。介词“做”的功能一般可以用“做伴(/嘙/得)”替换。文章以“做”为代表观察“做”及双音节形式的功能后指出,“做”是“做伴”语音弱化的结果,伴随介词“做伴[ʦɿ31–51 phon512–20]”源于相伴义动词“做伴[ʦɿ31–33 phon512]”,即在突显协同对象的连谓结构中,动词前的“做伴”发展出伴随介词功能,并发展出其他功能。考察发现,连-介词 "做 "及双音节形式也见于吉水周边的赣方言、吴方言和徽语,汉语方言中广泛存在相伴义动词发展出连-介词功能这种现象:江西吉水方言中的ʦɿ 31-512(做),与普通话中的他、肯类似,都具有状语、动名词、方向介词、比较介词和状语的功能、做伴)、ʦɿ31-51 pho20(做嘙)或ʦɿ31-51 te20(做得)代替。本文探讨了ʦɿ 31-512 及其双音节的功能,并探讨了它们的语义来源和语义变化途径。该研究认为,512-20 上的连词ʦɿ 31-51 p h 源自 512 上的动词ʦɿ 31-33 p h,意思是陪伴,并在 512 上的ʦɿ 31-33 p h 作为连动结构中第一个动词的情况下,通过声调变化对其进行了重新分析。那么,一方面,连词ʦɿ 31-51 p h on 512-20 被侵蚀成ʦɿ 31-51 p h o 512-20,甚至变成ʦɿ 3-512,后者构成一个带后缀 te 0 的复合双音节。另一方面,双音节和单音节的连词被扩展到其他情况下与其他类型的动词一起使用,在那里它们被重新分析为有生命的方向介词和比较介词。同时,当两个参与者对某一事件的贡献相似且地位相等时,连词被语法化为协调词。研究还发现,介词和协调词ʦuo(做)或其复合词的同源词广泛分布于江西吉水方言以及一些吴方言和回族方言中,而表示陪伴的动词发展为连词和协调词也很常见。
期刊介绍:
Journal of Chinese Linguistics (JCL) is an academic journal, which comprises research content from both general linguistics and Chinese linguistics. It is edited by a distinguished editorial board of international expertise. There are two publications: Journal of Chinese Linguistics (JCL) and Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series (JCLMS).