Organizing Peace in the Americas: Collective Security versus International Adjudication

Justina Uriburu
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Abstract

American states concluded two treaties to organize peace in the postwar world: the Rio Treaty (1947) and the Pact of Bogotá (1948). At first sight, they appear to reflect a division of tasks: the Rio Treaty would address threats to the peace and security of the Americas, and the Pact of Bogotá would help solve the disputes between American states. However, the Rio Treaty’s dominance during the Cold War calls this division into question. This paper first argues that American states pursued two projects of peace. The Rio Treaty was a defence pact with an autonomous enforcement mechanism, to which the United States was strongly committed. The Pact of Bogotá reflected Latin American states’ thinking that a comprehensive framework for solving disputes would mitigate regional power asymmetries. Second, it claims that the Rio Treaty’s vague provisions and the US support it enjoyed facilitated its dominance during the Cold War.
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组织美洲和平:集体安全与国际裁决
美洲国家为组织战后世界和平缔结了两项条约:《里约条约》(1947 年)和《波哥大公约》(1948 年)。乍一看,这两个条约似乎反映了任务分工:《里约条约》将应对美洲和平与安全面临的威胁,而《波哥大公约》将帮助解决美洲国家之间的争端。然而,《里约条约》在冷战期间的主导地位使这种分工受到质疑。本文首先论证了美洲国家所追求的两个和平计划。里约条约》是一项具有自主执行机制的防务条约,美国对此做出了坚定的承诺。波哥大公约》反映了拉美国家的想法,即一个解决争端的全面框架将缓解地区力量的不对称。其次,《波哥大公约》声称,《里约条约》的模糊规定和美国的支持有助于其在冷战期间的主导地位。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
14.30%
发文量
23
期刊介绍: The object of the Journal of the History of International Law/Revue d"histoire du droit international is to contribute to the effort to make intelligible the international legal past, however varied and eccentric it may be, to stimulate interest in the whys, the whats and wheres of international legal development, without projecting present relationships upon the past, and to promote the application of a sense of proportion to the study of current international legal problems. The aim of the Journal is to open fields of inquiry, to enable new questions to be asked, to be awake to and always aware of the plurality of human civilizations and cultures, past and present.
期刊最新文献
International Lawyers as Hope Mongers: How Did We Come to Believe That Democracy Was Here to Stay? The (Latin) American Dream? Human Rights and the Construction of Inter-American Regional Organisation (1945–1948) Regional Imaginations of Peace: The Work of the Rio Committee and the Antecedents of the Pact of Bogota (1942–1947) Locating the 1948 Economic Agreement of Bogotá: The Rise and Fall of Latin America’s International Economic Law Project Organizing Peace in the Americas: Collective Security versus International Adjudication
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