Agriculture and Holocene deforestation in eastern China

IF 1.9 3区 地球科学 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Quaternary International Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2024.03.008
John Dodson , Xiaoqiang Li , Menglin Song
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Abstract

Humans have had profound and environmentally changing impacts on land cover, and China has many examples of this. It has been recognised for some time that middle to late Holocene forests in China have undergone changes that are best described as due to human impacts. Hence the Holocene has seen sometimes gradual and sometimes abrupt changes from forest dynamics driven by natural forces to those dominated by human impacts. This leads to a conclusion that it is often difficult to disentangle natural and anthropogenic controls on forest composition. In many cases records show minor changes in the early Holocene giving way to intense changes as agriculture expanded. The two earliest centres of extensive forest changes from 6 to 5 kyr BP were in the middle to lower Yellow and lower Yangtze valleys, where millet and rice agriculture developed. Major forest clearing was later in other areas, including the Pearl River valley, Northeast China and Yunnan. Forest clearing for agriculture was widespread in eastern China by 2 kyr BP. Where data is available it seems that initial clearing took place in valleys adjacent to rivers, presumably because these were the preferred living places for early farmers. Then gradually spread to nearby slopes. New approaches and technologies were needed to achieve this. The records show that north east China, north of the Liao River, and the mountains of central China were amongst the last places to record forest clearing, in some cases just within the last few hundred years, or not at all.

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中国东部农业与全新世森林砍伐
人类对土地植被产生了深远的影响,并改变了环境,中国就有许多这样的例子。人们早已认识到,中国全新世中期至晚期的森林所经历的变化最好地描述为人类影响所致。因此,全新世的森林动态时而渐变,时而突变,从自然力量驱动的森林动态转变为人类影响主导的森林动态。由此得出的结论是,通常很难区分自然和人为对森林组成的控制。在许多情况下,记录显示全新世早期的变化较小,而随着农业的扩张,变化则变得剧烈。公元前 6 至 5 千年森林大面积变化的两个最早中心位于黄河中下游和长江下游流域,那里发展了小米和水稻农业。后来,其他地区也出现了大规模的森林砍伐,包括珠江流域、中国东北和云南。到公元前 2 千年时,中国东部地区已广泛开展以林促农的活动。在有数据可查的地方,最初的森林砍伐似乎发生在靠近河流的山谷,这可能是因为这些地方是早期农民的首选居住地。然后逐渐扩展到附近的山坡。为此需要新的方法和技术。记录显示,辽河以北的中国东北部和中国中部山区是有森林砍伐记录的最后几个地方,在某些情况下,森林砍伐仅仅发生在过去的几百年里,或者根本没有发生。
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来源期刊
Quaternary International
Quaternary International 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
4.50%
发文量
336
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Quaternary International is the official journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research. The objectives are to publish a high quality scientific journal under the auspices of the premier Quaternary association that reflects the interdisciplinary nature of INQUA and records recent advances in Quaternary science that appeal to a wide audience. This series will encompass all the full spectrum of the physical and natural sciences that are commonly employed in solving Quaternary problems. The policy is to publish peer refereed collected research papers from symposia, workshops and meetings sponsored by INQUA. In addition, other organizations may request publication of their collected works pertaining to the Quaternary.
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