Copper nanoparticles from chemical, physical, and green synthesis to medicinal application: A review

Abstract

This article examines the viability of utilizing plant biomolecules in the environmentally sustainable synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs). By harnessing their intrinsic capabilities of reduction and capping, plants present an environmentally friendly and economically viable substitute for conventional synthesis techniques. Through the manipulation of diverse parameters throughout the synthesis procedure, scientists are capable of attaining Cu NPs in the desired shapes and sizes, thereby customizing them to suit particular applications. This review centers on copper owing to its cost-effectiveness in comparison to other frequently utilized metals such as gold and silver. It explores the mechanisms that govern the environmentally friendly synthesis of Cu NPs. We conduct an exhaustive analysis of their wide-ranging medical and healthcare applications, emphasizing their capacity to fundamentally transform numerous treatment approaches. Furthermore, the review offers valuable perspectives on alternative synthesis techniques, facilitating a comparative evaluation and enabling well-informed choices to be made regarding particular applications. Through the integration of knowledge regarding environmentally friendly synthesis methods, a wide range of practical implementations, and economic factors, the objective of this review is to furnish a valuable asset to scientists, researchers, and healthcare practitioners who are investigating the capacity of Cu NPs to propel medical progress.