Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with maternal early second trimester sex-steroid hormones

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES International journal of hygiene and environmental health Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114380
Diana C. Pacyga , George D. Papandonatos , Libeth Rosas , Jason Whalen , Sabrina Smith , June-Soo Park , Joseph C. Gardiner , Joseph M. Braun , Susan L. Schantz , Rita S. Strakovsky
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Abstract

Background/Aims

Pregnant women are exposed to persistent environmental contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that disrupt thyroid function. However, it is unclear if PFAS alter maternal sex-steroid hormone levels, which support pregnancy health and fetal development.

Methods

In Illinois women with relatively high socioeconomic status (n = 460), we quantified perfluorononanoic (PFNA), perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic (PFOA), methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide acetic acid, perfluorohexanesulphonic (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic (PFDeA), and perfluoroundecanoic (PFUdA) acid concentrations in fasting serum samples at median 17 weeks gestation, along with plasma progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol. We evaluated covariate-adjusted associations of ln-transformed hormones with each ln-transformed PFAS individually using linear regression and with the PFAS mixture using quantile-based g-computation (QGComp).

Results

Interquartile range (IQR) increases in PFOS were associated with higher progesterone (%Δ 3.0; 95%CI: −0.6, 6.6) and estradiol (%Δ: 8.1; 95%CI: 2.2, 14.4) levels. Additionally, PFHxS was positively associated with testosterone (%Δ: 10.2; 95%CI: 4.0, 16.7), whereas both PFDeA and PFUdA were inversely associated with testosterone (%Δ: −5.7; 95%CI: −10.3, −0.8, and %Δ: −4.1; 95%CI: −7.6, −0.4, respectively). The IQR-standardized PFAS mixture was not associated with progesterone (%Δ: 1.6; 95%CI: −5.8, 9.2), due equal partial positive (%Δ: 9.2; driven by PFOA) and negative (%Δ: −7.4; driven by PFOS) mixture associations. Similarly, the mixture was not associated with testosterone (%Δ: 5.3; 95%CI: −9.0, 20.1), due to similar partial positive (%Δ: 23.6; driven by PFHxS) and negative (%Δ: −17.4; driven by PFDeA) mixture associations. However, we observed a slightly stronger partial positive (%Δ: 25.6; driven by PFOS and PFUdA) than negative (%Δ: −16.3; driven by PFOA) association resulting in an overall non-significant positive trend between the mixture and estradiol (%Δ: 8.5; 95%CI: −3.7, 20.9).

Conclusion

PFAS mixture modeled using QGComp was not associated with maternal sex-steroid hormones due to potential opposing effects of certain PFAS. Additional prospective studies could corroborate these findings.

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全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质与母体第二孕期早期性类固醇激素的关系
背景/目的孕妇暴露于持久性环境污染物中,包括会干扰甲状腺功能的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)。然而,PFAS 是否会改变孕产妇的性类固醇激素水平尚不清楚,而性类固醇激素水平有助于孕期健康和胎儿发育。全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)、全氟辛酸(PFOA)、甲基全氟辛烷磺酰胺乙酸、全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)、全氟癸酸(PFDeA)和全氟十一烷酸(PFUdA)的浓度,以及血浆孕酮、睾酮和雌二醇的浓度。结果全氟辛烷磺酸在四分位数(IQR)范围内的增加与孕酮(%Δ 3.0;95%CI:-0.6,6.6)和雌二醇(%Δ:8.1;95%CI:2.2,14.4)水平的升高有关。此外,PFHxS 与睾酮呈正相关(%Δ:10.2;95%CI:4.0,16.7),而 PFDeA 和 PFUdA 与睾酮呈反相关(分别为%Δ:-5.7;95%CI:-10.3,-0.8 和%Δ:-4.1;95%CI:-7.6,-0.4)。经 IQR 标准化的 PFAS 混合物与孕酮无关(%Δ:1.6;95%CI:-5.8,9.2),这是因为部分正(%Δ:9.2;由 PFOA 引起)和部分负(%Δ:-7.4;由 PFOS 引起)的混合物相关性相同。同样,该混合物与睾酮(%Δ:5.3;95%CI:-9.0,20.1)也没有关联,原因是存在类似的部分正(%Δ:23.6;由 PFHxS 驱动)和负(%Δ:-17.4;由 PFDeA 驱动)混合物关联。然而,我们观察到部分正相关(%Δ:25.6;由 PFOS 和 PFUdA 驱动)略强于负相关(%Δ:-16.3;由 PFOA 驱动),导致混合物与雌二醇之间总体呈不显著的正相关趋势(%Δ:8.5;95%CI:-3.7, 20.9)。更多的前瞻性研究可以证实这些发现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
5.00%
发文量
151
审稿时长
22 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health serves as a multidisciplinary forum for original reports on exposure assessment and the reactions to and consequences of human exposure to the biological, chemical, and physical environment. Research reports, short communications, reviews, scientific comments, technical notes, and editorials will be peer-reviewed before acceptance for publication. Priority will be given to articles on epidemiological aspects of environmental toxicology, health risk assessments, susceptible (sub) populations, sanitation and clean water, human biomonitoring, environmental medicine, and public health aspects of exposure-related outcomes.
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