Lara B. Oliveira, T. S. Paiva, Hamilton A. Teixeira, C. D. de Araujo
{"title":"Magnetoresistive Evidence of Degeneracy in Nanomagnets Obtained by Electrodeposition Technique","authors":"Lara B. Oliveira, T. S. Paiva, Hamilton A. Teixeira, C. D. de Araujo","doi":"10.3390/magnetism4020008","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Inspired in pyrochlore materials presenting residual entropy and featuring collective excitation behaving like emergent monopoles, geometrically frustrated arrays of nanomagnets, denominated artificial spin ices (ASIs), were proposed as an interesting platform to investigate such excitation at room temperature. However, in such artificial systems, emergent magnetic monopoles lack the same freedom present their natural counterpart, once energetic strings connecting opposite magnetic charges arise. In this work, we aim to experimentally investigate the proposed degeneracy obtained in connected square arrays of ASIs, a characteristic that allows a reduction in the string connecting monopole–antimonopole pairs in regular non-connected ASIs and could represent an important development for technological applications of connected nanomagnets. As in general those systems are developed by nanofabrication processes involving expensive and time-consuming physical vapour deposition techniques, we also present a new nanofabrication route using an electrodeposition technique for permalloy growth in different lattice geometries as an alternative for fast and low-cost ASI system production.","PeriodicalId":509814,"journal":{"name":"Magnetism","volume":"17 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Magnetism","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetism4020008","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Inspired in pyrochlore materials presenting residual entropy and featuring collective excitation behaving like emergent monopoles, geometrically frustrated arrays of nanomagnets, denominated artificial spin ices (ASIs), were proposed as an interesting platform to investigate such excitation at room temperature. However, in such artificial systems, emergent magnetic monopoles lack the same freedom present their natural counterpart, once energetic strings connecting opposite magnetic charges arise. In this work, we aim to experimentally investigate the proposed degeneracy obtained in connected square arrays of ASIs, a characteristic that allows a reduction in the string connecting monopole–antimonopole pairs in regular non-connected ASIs and could represent an important development for technological applications of connected nanomagnets. As in general those systems are developed by nanofabrication processes involving expensive and time-consuming physical vapour deposition techniques, we also present a new nanofabrication route using an electrodeposition technique for permalloy growth in different lattice geometries as an alternative for fast and low-cost ASI system production.
受呈现残余熵并具有类似突发性单极子的集体激发特性的火成岩材料的启发,人们提出了几何挫折纳米磁体阵列(称为人造自旋冰(ASI)),作为研究室温下这种激发的有趣平台。然而,在这种人造系统中,一旦出现连接相反磁荷的高能弦,出现的磁单极子就缺乏与自然对应物相同的自由度。在这项工作中,我们的目标是通过实验研究在连接的方形阵列 ASI 中获得的退变性,这种特性可以减少常规非连接 ASI 中连接单极-反单极对的磁串,并可能代表连接纳米磁体技术应用的重要发展。一般来说,这些系统都是通过纳米制造工艺开发的,其中涉及昂贵而耗时的物理气相沉积技术,因此我们还提出了一种新的纳米制造途径,即使用电沉积技术在不同的晶格几何形状中生长过金属合金,作为快速、低成本生产 ASI 系统的替代方法。