Chemical characterization and health risks associated with e-cigarettes: A comprehensive review

Sanchez-Rosario Ramon, Pratt Karla, Aquino Mónica, Vega Pedro, Sanchez Sergio H, Peña-Calderon Doris
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Abstract

The evolution of the cigarette industry took us from traditional to electronic cigarettes (e-cigs). These are electronic devices that produce nicotine-containing aerosols by heating a liquid (e-liquid) that contains the drug as well as other numerous compounds. Although designed to decrease the harmful effects of traditional cigarettes, little is known about the long-term health incidence of e-cigarettes. The chemical composition of e-liquids varies depending on their manufacturer, country of origin, and batches. Fundamentally, e-liquids contain glycerol, propylene glycol, water, and nicotine. However, a concerning number of toxic substances including heavy metals, nonmetals, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and many other molecules have been identified in them. A wide number of analytical techniques have been employed in the identification and quantitation of these chemicals in liquids as well as aerosols. This review will discuss the numerous chemical substances associated with the use of e-cigarettes, including the potential impact of these on human health. Additionally, this work will address the available analytical tools as well as promising technologies that can contribute to future toxicological characterization efforts. This review also covers some of the global regulatory policies including their challenges and loopholes.
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电子烟的化学特征和健康风险:全面回顾
卷烟工业的发展经历了从传统卷烟到电子卷烟(e-cigs)的演变。这些电子设备通过加热含有尼古丁和其他多种化合物的液体(电子烟液)来产生含有尼古丁的气溶胶。虽然电子烟的设计目的是减少传统香烟的有害影响,但人们对电子烟的长期健康影响知之甚少。电子烟液的化学成分因生产商、原产国和批次的不同而各异。从根本上说,电子烟液含有甘油、丙二醇、水和尼古丁。然而,在电子烟中发现了大量有毒物质,包括重金属、非金属、杀虫剂、多环芳烃、挥发性有机化合物和许多其他分子。在对液体和气溶胶中的这些化学物质进行鉴定和定量时,采用了大量的分析技术。本综述将讨论与使用电子烟有关的多种化学物质,包括这些物质对人体健康的潜在影响。此外,这项工作还将讨论现有的分析工具以及有助于未来毒理学特征描述工作的有前途的技术。本综述还涉及一些全球监管政策,包括其挑战和漏洞。
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