Fuel cells: Materials needs and advances

IF 4.1 3区 材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Mrs Bulletin Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI:10.1557/s43577-024-00722-9
Zongping Shao, Meng Ni
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Abstract

Fuel cells are highly efficient electrochemical energy-conversion devices with a wide application potential, spanning from portable power sources to stationary power generation. They are typically categorized according to their operating temperature, for example, low temperature (<100°C), intermediate temperature (450‒800°C) and high temperature (>800°C). Recently, reduced temperature fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C have also received considerable attention for their multiple benefits. A single fuel cell is composed of a porous anode for fuel oxidation, a dense electrolyte for ion transportation, and a porous cathode for oxygen reduction. Due to their different functions and operating environments, each layer of the cell faces unique materials requirements in terms of ionic and electronic conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, thermal expansion, etc. This article gives a thorough perspective on the challenges and recent advances in anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials for the various types of fuel cells. Emerging fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C are also discussed and commented. Finally, the key areas of need and major opportunities for further research in the field are outlined.

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燃料电池:材料需求和进展
燃料电池是一种高效的电化学能量转换装置,具有广泛的应用潜力,从便携式电源到固定式发电,无所不包。燃料电池通常根据工作温度进行分类,例如低温(100°C)、中温(450-800°C)和高温(800°C)。最近,工作温度在 200-400°C 的低温燃料电池也因其多重优势而受到广泛关注。单个燃料电池由用于燃料氧化的多孔阳极、用于离子传输的致密电解质和用于氧还原的多孔阴极组成。由于功能和工作环境不同,电池的每一层在离子和电子传导性、化学和机械稳定性、热膨胀等方面都面临着独特的材料要求。本文将从一个透彻的角度,介绍各种类型燃料电池在阳极、电解质和阴极材料方面所面临的挑战和最新进展。此外,还对工作温度为 200-400°C 的新兴燃料电池进行了讨论和评论。最后,概述了该领域进一步研究的关键需求领域和主要机遇。
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来源期刊
Mrs Bulletin
Mrs Bulletin 工程技术-材料科学:综合
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
2.00%
发文量
193
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: MRS Bulletin is one of the most widely recognized and highly respected publications in advanced materials research. Each month, the Bulletin provides a comprehensive overview of a specific materials theme, along with industry and policy developments, and MRS and materials-community news and events. Written by leading experts, the overview articles are useful references for specialists, but are also presented at a level understandable to a broad scientific audience.
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