When help is not wanted: Frustrated needs and poor after‐work recovery as consequences of unwanted help at work

Stress & Health Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI:10.1002/smi.3415
Anika D. Schulz, Doris Fay, Ina Schöllgen, Johannes Wendsche
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Abstract

Instrumental help and support in the workplace are mostly associated with outcomes that are considered desirable for organisations and their employees. In this study, we seek to shed light on a specific type of help at work that may entail negative consequences: being offered help that is not wanted by the recipient. Drawing on basic psychological needs theory and on theory of ruminative thoughts, we propose that offering unwanted help frustrates the recipient's psychological needs for autonomy and competence, which in turn affects after‐work recovery processes in the form of increased rumination and decreased psychological detachment. Supporting our hypotheses, a cross‐sectional survey study (Study 1, N = 279) revealed that employees who were offered unwanted help from coworkers or supervisors experienced higher frustration in need for competence and autonomy, which in turn was associated with higher rumination after work and less psychological detachment from work. Results from a time‐lagged survey with two measurement points 2 weeks apart (Study 2, N = 165) showed that being offered unwanted help was concurrently related to increased competence and autonomy frustration, of which only autonomy frustration later translated into higher after‐work rumination and ultimately lower psychological detachment from work. Our findings suggest that needs frustration provides a promising approach to investigate and explain potentially detrimental effects of unwanted help at work on after‐work recovery processes.
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不需要帮助时:工作中不受欢迎的帮助会导致需求受挫和下班后恢复不佳
工作场所中的工具性帮助和支持大多与组织及其员工认为理想的结果有关。在本研究中,我们试图揭示工作中可能带来负面影响的一种特定类型的帮助:接受者不想要的帮助。根据基本心理需求理论和反刍思想理论,我们提出,提供不受欢迎的帮助会挫伤受助者对自主性和能力的心理需求,进而以反刍增加和心理疏离减少的形式影响工作后的恢复过程。一项横断面调查研究(研究 1,N = 279)显示,那些从同事或上司那里得到不想要的帮助的员工在能力和自主性需求方面会经历更高的挫折感,这反过来又与下班后更多的反刍和更少的心理疏离有关,从而支持了我们的假设。两次测量点相隔两周的时滞调查(研究 2,N = 165)结果显示,被提供不受欢迎的帮助与能力和自主性挫折感的增加同时相关,其中只有自主性挫折感后来转化为更高的下班后反刍,并最终降低了对工作的心理疏离感。我们的研究结果表明,需求挫折为研究和解释工作中不受欢迎的帮助对下班后恢复过程的潜在不利影响提供了一种很有前景的方法。
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