Lipid Nanoparticles as a Platform for miRNA and siRNA Delivery in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Current drug delivery Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI:10.2174/0115672018292331240404070236

Gaidaa Dogheim, Sampath Chinnam, Mohamed T. Amralla

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Abstract

: Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprises 75-80% of liver cancer cases. Therapeutic strategies for HCC are available and have been shown to prolong survival but not treat HCC. Gene expression and regulation are responsible for the pathogenesis and progression of HCC. Altering these genetic networks can impact cellular behaviors and in turn cure HCC. Single-stranded and double-stranded non-coding ribonucleic acid known as microRNA and small interfering RNA, respectively have been investigated as possible therapeutic options. Currently, efficient delivery systems that ensure cell-specific targeting and efficient transfection into tumor cells are still under investigation. Viral vectors have been studied extensively, but immunogenicity hinders their use as delivery systems. Non-viral vectors which include inorganic, lipid, or polymeric nanoparticles are promising delivery systems. However, there are a lot of challenges during the formulation of such systems to ensure efficient and specific delivery. In vitro and in vivo studies have investigated different LNPs to deliver miRNA or siRNA. In this review, we highlight the role of LNPs as a delivery system for miRNA and siRNA in HCC in addition to the latest results achieved using this approach.

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将脂质纳米颗粒作为肝细胞癌中 miRNA 和 siRNA 的递送平台

:肝癌是全球第六大常见癌症和第四大死亡原因。肝细胞癌（HCC）占肝癌病例的 75-80%。目前已有针对 HCC 的治疗策略，这些策略已被证明可延长 HCC 的生存期，但无法治疗 HCC。基因表达和调控是导致 HCC 发病和进展的原因。改变这些基因网络可影响细胞行为，进而治愈 HCC。单链和双链非编码核糖核酸（分别称为 microRNA 和小干扰 RNA）已被研究为可能的治疗方案。目前，确保细胞特异性靶向和高效转染肿瘤细胞的高效递送系统仍在研究之中。病毒载体已被广泛研究，但其免疫原性阻碍了其作为递送系统的使用。包括无机、脂质或聚合物纳米颗粒在内的非病毒载体是很有前景的递送系统。然而，在配制此类系统以确保高效和特异性递送的过程中存在许多挑战。体外和体内研究调查了不同的 LNPs 来递送 miRNA 或 siRNA。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍 LNPs 作为 miRNA 和 siRNA 的递送系统在 HCC 中的作用，以及使用这种方法所取得的最新成果。

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来源期刊

Current drug delivery PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY-

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

4.20%

发文量

170

期刊介绍： Current Drug Delivery aims to publish peer-reviewed articles, research articles, short and in-depth reviews, and drug clinical trials studies in the rapidly developing field of drug delivery. Modern drug research aims to build delivery properties of a drug at the design phase, however in many cases this idea cannot be met and the development of delivery systems becomes as important as the development of the drugs themselves. The journal aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in drug and vaccine delivery employing physical, physico-chemical and chemical methods. The drugs include a wide range of bioactive compounds from simple pharmaceuticals to peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleosides and sugars. The journal will also report progress in the fields of transport routes and mechanisms including efflux proteins and multi-drug resistance. The journal is essential for all pharmaceutical scientists involved in drug design, development and delivery.