Muscle Activity and Kinematics During Three Hamstring Strengthening Exercises Compared to Sprinting: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy Pub Date : 2024-05-01 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.26603/001c.116158
Adelso Jorge, Eric Lichtenstein, Oliver Faude, Ralf Roth
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Abstract

Background: During sprinting, the biceps femoris long head predominantly gets injured, while hamstring strengthening exercises predominantly activate the semitendinosus more effectively. Understanding how joint dominance influences hamstring activity may offer clarity on appropriate exercise selection in strengthening programs.

Purpose: This study compared three hip-dominant hamstring exercises: the rocker, perpetuum mobile fast and slow (PMfast and PMslow) and the Nordic Hamstring exercise (NHE) on their potential to simulate sprint-like activity and kinematics.

Methods: Muscle activity of the posterior kinetic chain (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gluteus maximus, and medial gastrocnemius) was measured with surface electromyography (sEMG) during the exercises and treadmill running at 75% of the individual maximal sprint velocity in male athletes. sEMG data were normalized to maximal sprinting. 3D-motion capture was employed to assess hip and knee angles.

Results: Eight male athletes were included (age: 24.0 years ± SD 2.9; body mass: 76.8 kg ± 7.7; height: 1.79 m ± 0.08). Greater activity of the hamstrings occurred during the explosive exercises ranging from 63.9% [95%CI: 56.3-71.5%] (rocker) to 49.0% [95%CI: 40.4-57.6%] (PMfast) vs. 34.0% [95%CI: 29.1-38.9%] (NHE) to 32.1% [95%CI: 26.9-37.3%] (PMslow). The rocker showed greatest hamstring and gluteus maximus activity. Biceps femoris consistently showed greater activity than the semitendinosus across all exercises in peak (mean difference: 0.16, [95%CI: 0.07-0.26]) and average (mean difference: 0.06, [95%CI: 0.01-0.11]) activity. PMfast, PMslow and NHE demonstrated less hip flexion angle at peak hamstring activity than the rocker and high-speed running and every exercise showed less hamstring elongation stress than during high-speed running.

Discussion: Hamstring activity is comparable to high-intensity treadmill running for NHE and PMslow, and greater for the rocker and PMfast. Gluteus maximus activity varied, with the rocker and PMfast showing greater activity than in sprinting. All examined exercises demonstrated their peak activity at short hamstring muscle length.

Level of evidence: 3b.

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与短跑相比,三种腘绳肌强化训练过程中的肌肉活动和运动学:横断面研究。
背景:在短跑过程中,主要受伤的是股二头肌长头,而腿筋强化练习主要是更有效地激活半腱肌。目的:本研究比较了三种以髋关节为主的腘绳肌练习:摇臂、永动机快慢(PMfast 和 PMslow)以及北欧腘绳肌练习(NHE),研究它们在模拟短跑样活动和运动学方面的潜力:通过表面肌电图(sEMG)测量了男性运动员在练习和以个人最大冲刺速度的 75% 进行跑步机跑步时的后运动链(股二头肌、半腱肌、臀大肌和内侧腓肠肌)肌肉活动。采用三维运动捕捉技术评估髋关节和膝关节角度:结果:8 名男性运动员(年龄:24.0 岁 ± SD 2.9;体重:76.8 千克 ± 7.7;身高:1.79 米 ± 0.08)参加了研究。在爆发力练习中,腘绳肌的活动量更大,从63.9%[95%CI:56.3-71.5%](摇臂)到49.0%[95%CI:40.4-57.6%](快速原力);而在慢速原力练习中,腘绳肌的活动量从34.0%[95%CI:29.1-38.9%](NHE)到32.1%[95%CI:26.9-37.3%](慢速原力)。摇椅显示出最大的腘绳肌和臀大肌活动。在所有练习中,股二头肌的峰值活动量(平均差异:0.16,[95%CI:0.07-0.26])和平均活动量(平均差异:0.06,[95%CI:0.01-0.11])始终高于半腱肌。与摇摆跑和高速跑相比,PMfast、PMslow 和 NHE 在腘绳肌活动峰值时表现出较小的髋关节屈曲角度,而且与高速跑相比,每种练习都表现出较小的腘绳肌伸长应力:讨论:NHE 和 PMslow 的腘绳肌活动与高强度跑步相当,而摇摆和 PMfast 的腘绳肌活动则更大。臀大肌的活动各不相同,摇摆式和快速原动式的活动量大于短跑时的活动量。所有检查过的练习都在腿筋肌短时达到活动峰值:3b.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
5.90%
发文量
124
审稿时长
16 weeks
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