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Intra-rater and Inter-rater Reliability of the KangaTech (KT360) Fixed Frame Dynamometry System During Maximal Isometric Strength Measurements of the Knee Flexors. KangaTech(KT360)固定架测力系统在膝关节屈肌最大等长力量测量中的评分者内部和评分者之间的可靠性。
IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.26603/001c.124121
Ellie Woolhead, Richard Partner, Megan Parsley, Ashley Jones

Background: Fixed-frame dynamometry systems are used worldwide to assess isometric strength in both general and athletic populations. There is currently a paucity of published work where reliability estimates for fixed-frame dynamometry systems have been estimated. The aim of this study was to determine the inter-and intra-rater reliability of the KangaTech (KT360) fixed frame dynamometry system when measuring maximal isometric strength of the knee flexor muscles.

Study design: Inter and intra-rater reliability single cohort study.

Methods: Twenty healthy university-level athletes (age= 21.65 ± 3 years, weight= 74.465 ± 30kg, height= 170.1 ± 7.0cm) took part in two testing sessions where two raters collected data during a 90° hip and knee flexion protocol. Participants performed each test twice, building to a maximal isometric contraction holding over a 5 second period with 30 second rest between sets. Data were checked for normality using a Shapiro-Wilk test. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated. Finally, a Bland-Altman analysis was used to determine the levels of agreement for intra-and inter-rater measurements.

Results: High levels of agreement were demonstrated between left and right knee flexion as 95% of the differences were less than two standard deviations away from the mean. 'Almost perfect' intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were demonstrated (Knee flexion: Inter-rater: Left, 0.99; Right, 0.99; Intra-rater: Left, 0.99; Right:0.99). Standard error of measurement (SEM) for inter-and intra-rater strength ranged from 0.26-0.69 kg, SEM% ranged from 1.34-2.71% and minimal detectable change (MDC) ranged from 1.14-2.31kg.

Conclusion: Overall, high level of inter-and intra-rater reliability were demonstrated when testing maximal isometric knee flexion. Therefore, the KT360 fixed frame dynamometry system may be considered a viable tool for measuring maximal isometric contraction of the knee flexors when repeat measures are required in clinical settings.

Level of evidence: 3b.

背景:固定架测力系统在全球范围内被用于评估普通人群和运动员的等长力量。目前,对固定架测力系统可靠性估计的公开发表的研究成果很少。本研究旨在确定KangaTech(KT360)固定架测力系统在测量膝关节屈肌最大等长力量时的评分者之间和评分者内部的可靠性:研究设计:评分者间和评分者内可靠性单一队列研究:20 名健康的大学水平运动员(年龄= 21.65 ± 3 岁,体重= 74.465 ± 30 千克,身高= 170.1 ± 7.0 厘米)参加了两次测试,由两名评分员在 90° 髋关节和膝关节屈曲方案中收集数据。每组测试进行两次,在 5 秒钟内保持最大等长收缩,每组之间休息 30 秒钟。数据采用 Shapiro-Wilk 检验进行正态性检查。计算了类内相关系数(ICC)、测量标准误差(SEM)和最小可检测变化(MDC)。最后,使用 Bland-Altman 分析来确定评分者内部和评分者之间测量结果的一致性水平:结果:左膝和右膝关节屈曲的一致性很高,95%的差异小于平均值的两个标准差。类内相关系数(ICC)值 "几乎完美"(膝关节屈曲:评分者之间左:0.99;右:0.99;评分者内部:左:0.99;右:0.99:左:0.99;右:0.99)。评分者之间和评分者内部力量的标准测量误差(SEM)范围为 0.26-0.69 千克,SEM%范围为 1.34-2.71% ,最小可检测变化(MDC)范围为 1.14-2.31 千克:总体而言,在测试膝关节最大等长屈曲时,评分者之间和评分者内部的可靠性都很高。因此,当临床需要重复测量时,KT360 固定架测力系统可被视为测量膝关节屈肌最大等长收缩的可行工具:3b.
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring Cortical and Neuromuscular Activity: Six-month Insights into Knee Joint Position Sense Following ACL Reconstruction. 监测皮层和神经肌肉活动:前交叉韧带重建术后六个月对膝关节位置感知的洞察。
IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.26603/001c.124840
Aglaja Busch, Lorena R R Gianotti, Frank Mayer, Heiner Baur

Background: Changes in cortical activation patterns after rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) have been described. However, evidence of these consequences in the early stages following the incident and through longitudinal monitoring is scarce. Further insights could prove valuable in informing evidence-based rehabilitation practices.

Purpose: To analyze the angular accuracy, neuromuscular, and cortical activity during a knee joint position sense (JPS) test over the initial six months following ACL reconstruction. Study design: Cohort Study.

Methods: Twenty participants with ACL reconstruction performed a JPS test with both limbs. The measurement time points were approximately 1.5, 3-4 and 6 months after surgery, while 20 healthy controls were examined on a single occasion. The active JPS test was performed seated with a target angle of 50° for two blocks of continuous angular reproduction (three minutes per block). The reproduced angles were recorded simultaneously by an electrogoniometer. Neuromuscular activity of the quadriceps muscles during extension to the target angle was measured with surface electromyography. Spectral power for theta, alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 frequency bands were determined from electroencephalographic recordings. Linear mixed models were performed with group (ACL or controls), the measurement time point, and respective limb as fixed effect and each grouping per subject combination as random effect with random intercept.

Results: Significantly higher beta-2 power over the frontal region of interest was observed at the first measurement time point in the non-involved limb of the ACL group in comparison to the control group (p = 0.03). Despite individual variation, no other statistically significant differences were identified for JPS error, neuromuscular, or other cortical activity.

Conclusion: Variation in cortical activity between the ACL and control group were present, which is consistent with published results in later stages of rehabilitation. Both indicate the importance of a neuromuscular and neurocognitive focus in the rehabilitation.

Level of evidence: 3.

背景:前十字韧带(ACL)断裂后皮质激活模式的变化已被描述。然而,在事件发生后的早期阶段以及通过纵向监测发现这些后果的证据却很少。目的:分析前交叉韧带重建后最初六个月内膝关节位置感(JPS)测试中的角度准确性、神经肌肉和皮质活动。研究设计:队列研究:队列研究:20名前交叉韧带重建的参与者进行了双肢关节位置感测试。测量时间点分别为术后约 1.5 个月、3-4 个月和 6 个月,同时对 20 名健康对照者进行一次性检查。主动 JPS 测试是坐着进行的,目标角度为 50°,连续再现角度两个区块(每个区块三分钟)。再现的角度由测电计同时记录。通过表面肌电图测量股四头肌在伸展到目标角度时的神经肌肉活动。脑电图记录确定了θ、α-2、β-1 和 β-2 频带的频谱功率。以组别(ACL 或对照组)、测量时间点和各自肢体为固定效应,以每个组别和每个受试者组合为随机效应和随机截距,建立线性混合模型:与对照组相比,前交叉韧带组未受累肢体在第一个测量时间点的额叶相关区域的β-2功率明显更高(p = 0.03)。尽管存在个体差异,但在 JPS 误差、神经肌肉或其他皮质活动方面未发现其他具有统计学意义的差异:结论:前交叉韧带组和对照组的大脑皮层活动存在差异,这与已发表的康复后期结果一致。证据等级:3:3.
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引用次数: 0
The Power of International Cooperation. 国际合作的力量。
IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.26603/001c.125160
Mario Bizzini, Ashley M Campbell, Barb Hoogenboom, Michael Voight
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引用次数: 0
Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT): Concurrent Validity and Reference Values for CrossFit® Participants. 髋关节稳定性等长测试(HipSIT):CrossFit®参与者的并发有效性和参考值。
IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.26603/001c.124119
Thiago R T Santos, Ana Luiza R Rodrigues, Henrique M P Faria, Stéphane M Teixeira, Livia S Pogetti, Andressa Silva, Renan A Resende, Juliana M Ocarino

Background: The Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT) is a practical clinical assessment of posterolateral hip muscle performance. There is no information regarding the validity of the HipSIT in participants exposed to high-intensity training, such as CrossFit®.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the Hip Stability Isometric Test (HipSIT) concurrent validity with the isokinetic assessment in CrossFit® participants. A secondary purpose was to characterize posterolateral hip muscular performance with HipSIT according to sex and lower limb dominance in athletes who participate in CrossFit®.

Study design: Cross-sectional.

Methods: One-hundred and eleven CrossFit® participants were evaluated. The posterolateral hip muscles were evaluated using the HipSIT with a hand-held dynamometer. The hip extensors and abductors' peak torque and maximum work were assessed with the Biodex System® 4 Pro isokinetic dynamometer at 60º/s. Concurrent validity between measurements was assessed with the Spearman correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analyses. The comparison of results between sexes and between limbs was also performed.

Results: Spearman analyses indicated a significant positive correlation with medium effect size between HipSIT and isokinetic variables ( ρ = 0.36 to 0.49). Bland-Altman analyses showed that most measures were within the 95% limits of agreement. The HipSIT was greater in males than females (p < 0.001) and greater in the dominant than non-dominant limb (p = 0.03).

Conclusion: The findings support using HipSIT in the clinical assessment of CrossFit® participants. Clinicians can use the data as reference values for athletes who participate in CrossFit® and should consider the difference between sexes and lower limbs.

Level of evidence: 3.

背景:髋关节稳定性等长测试(HipSIT)是一种实用的髋关节后外侧肌肉性能临床评估方法。目的:本研究的目的是调查髋关节稳定性等长测试(HipSIT)与 CrossFit® 参与者的等动学评估的并发有效性。另一个目的是根据参加 CrossFit® 运动员的性别和下肢优势,用 HipSIT 分析髋关节后外侧肌肉表现的特征:研究设计:横断面:对 111 名 CrossFit® 参与者进行了评估。使用手持式测力计 HipSIT 对髋关节后外侧肌肉进行评估。使用 Biodex System® 4 Pro 等动测力计以 60º/s 的速度评估髋关节伸肌和外展肌的峰值扭矩和最大功。通过斯皮尔曼相关系数和布兰德-阿尔特曼分析评估了测量结果之间的并发有效性。此外,还对不同性别和不同肢体的结果进行了比较:斯皮尔曼分析表明,HipSIT 和等速变量之间存在显著的正相关,影响程度中等(ρ = 0.36 至 0.49)。Bland-Altman 分析表明,大多数测量结果的一致性都在 95% 的范围内。男性的 HipSIT 值高于女性(p < 0.001),优势肢体的 HipSIT 值高于非优势肢体(p = 0.03):结论:研究结果支持在对 CrossFit® 参与者进行临床评估时使用 HipSIT。临床医生可将这些数据作为参加 CrossFit® 运动员的参考值,并应考虑性别和下肢之间的差异:3.
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引用次数: 0
Dominant Arm Internal and External Rotation Strength is Related to Arm Pain in Youth Baseball Players. 主臂内旋和外旋力量与青少年棒球运动员手臂疼痛的关系。
IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.26603/001c.124447
Jeffrey Paskewitz, Fred Breidenbach, Philip Malloy, P Michael Eckrich, Ryan Zarzycki

Background and purpose: The prevalence of arm pain in youth baseball players is high with approximately half reporting arm pain during the season, and the number of ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions in youth baseball players is increasing. Few studies have examined the relationship between shoulder strength and passive range of motion (ROM) with arm pain (either shoulder or elbow pain) during throwing, especially in athletes in early adolescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between shoulder ROM and strength and the presence of arm pain during throwing in youth baseball players. It was hypothesized that less internal rotation (IR) ROM, less total rotational ROM, and lower IR and external rotation (ER) strength would be associated with arm pain.

Study design: Observational cohort study.

Methods: Sixty-five youth male baseball players between the ages of 12-15 were enrolled. Shoulder strength (ER, IR, ER/IR strength ratio, scaption) and passive ROM (ER, IR, flexion, horizontal adduction) were collected prior to the start of the spring 2021 baseball season. Players self-reported their arm pain frequency during throwing as never, rarely, sometimes, often, or always. The relationship between reported arm pain frequency during throwing and shoulder ROM and strength measurements was examined.

Results: ER (ρ= -0.289, p=0.020) and IR strength (ρ= -0.262, p=0.035) were weakly and negatively correlated with reports of arm pain during throwing. No other clinical variables were associated with reports of arm pain (p ≥ 0.124).

Conclusion: In youth baseball players, greater IR and ER strength were associated with less arm pain frequency during throwing, while ROM was not associated with arm pain frequency. Future research should explore these variables prospectively to determine if changes in ROM and strength are related to the development of arm pain in youth baseball players.

Level of evidence: 3.

背景和目的:青少年棒球运动员手臂疼痛的发生率很高,约有一半的运动员在赛季中报告手臂疼痛,青少年棒球运动员尺侧副韧带重建的数量也在不断增加。很少有研究探讨肩部力量和被动运动范围(ROM)与投掷过程中手臂疼痛(肩部或肘部疼痛)之间的关系,尤其是在青春期早期的运动员中。本研究的目的是确定肩部 ROM 和力量与青少年棒球运动员投掷时手臂疼痛之间的关系。研究假设,较小的内旋(IR)ROM、较小的总旋转ROM以及较低的内旋和外旋(ER)力量将与手臂疼痛有关:研究设计:观察性队列研究:研究设计:观察性队列研究。在 2021 年春季棒球赛季开始前收集了肩部力量(ER、IR、ER/IR 力量比、肩胛)和被动 ROM(ER、IR、屈伸、水平内收)。球员们自我报告的投掷过程中手臂疼痛频率分为从不、很少、有时、经常或总是。研究了投掷时手臂疼痛频率与肩关节活动度和力量测量之间的关系:ER(ρ= -0.289,p=0.020)和IR强度(ρ= -0.262,p=0.035)与投掷时手臂疼痛的报告呈弱负相关。其他临床变量均与手臂疼痛报告无关(p ≥ 0.124):结论:在青少年棒球运动员中,较强的IR和ER力量与投掷时手臂疼痛频率较低有关,而ROM与手臂疼痛频率无关。未来的研究应该对这些变量进行前瞻性探索,以确定ROM和力量的变化是否与青少年棒球运动员手臂疼痛的发生有关:3.
{"title":"Dominant Arm Internal and External Rotation Strength is Related to Arm Pain in Youth Baseball Players.","authors":"Jeffrey Paskewitz, Fred Breidenbach, Philip Malloy, P Michael Eckrich, Ryan Zarzycki","doi":"10.26603/001c.124447","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The prevalence of arm pain in youth baseball players is high with approximately half reporting arm pain during the season, and the number of ulnar collateral ligament reconstructions in youth baseball players is increasing. Few studies have examined the relationship between shoulder strength and passive range of motion (ROM) with arm pain (either shoulder or elbow pain) during throwing, especially in athletes in early adolescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between shoulder ROM and strength and the presence of arm pain during throwing in youth baseball players. It was hypothesized that less internal rotation (IR) ROM, less total rotational ROM, and lower IR and external rotation (ER) strength would be associated with arm pain.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-five youth male baseball players between the ages of 12-15 were enrolled. Shoulder strength (ER, IR, ER/IR strength ratio, scaption) and passive ROM (ER, IR, flexion, horizontal adduction) were collected prior to the start of the spring 2021 baseball season. Players self-reported their arm pain frequency during throwing as never, rarely, sometimes, often, or always. The relationship between reported arm pain frequency during throwing and shoulder ROM and strength measurements was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ER (ρ= -0.289, p=0.020) and IR strength (ρ= -0.262, p=0.035) were weakly and negatively correlated with reports of arm pain during throwing. No other clinical variables were associated with reports of arm pain (p ≥ 0.124).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In youth baseball players, greater IR and ER strength were associated with less arm pain frequency during throwing, while ROM was not associated with arm pain frequency. Future research should explore these variables prospectively to determine if changes in ROM and strength are related to the development of arm pain in youth baseball players.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1439-1446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Position- and Sex-Related Differences in Sagittal and Frontal Plane Concentric Isokinetic Hip Muscle Peak Torques and Agonist-Antagonist Ratios. 矢状面和额面同心异动髋关节肌肉峰值扭矩和激动-拮抗比的位置和性别差异。
IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.26603/001c.124117
Lisa T Hoglund, Matthew C Schiffino, James E Freels, Isabella G Romano

Background: Hip muscle weakness is associated with many musculoskeletal conditions and athletic injuries. Isokinetic testing is often performed to measure a patient's strength or to assess treatment response. Patient sex and positioning during isokinetic strength testing may influence peak torque production and the agonist-antagonist peak torque ratios. However, different test positions are used clinically and in research to measure hip muscle strength. It is unknown how patient test position or sex impacts test results.

Hypothesis/purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether concentric isokinetic peak torques of sagittal and frontal plane hip muscles differ when tested in recumbent versus standing positions and if results were impacted by patient sex.

Study design: Cross-sectional observational.

Methods: Forty healthy adults (20 male, 20 female) participated. Concentric isokinetic hip torques of the hip flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors were measured with participants in two positions (recumbent versus standing; 60°/second angular velocity). Peak torque values were normalized by body mass and height. Data were analyzed with mixed-model ANOVAs (sex x position). Effect sizes were examined using partial eta squared.

Results: No significant interactions or main effects for sex were found. Significant main effects for position were found for hip extensor and abductor peak torques and for hip flexor-extensor ratio. Hip extensor peak torque was greater when tested supine versus standing with a large effect size (p=.02, effect size =.14). Hip abductor peak torque was greater when tested sidelying versus standing with a medium effect size (p=.03, effect size =.12). Hip flexor-extensor agonist-antagonist ratio was greater when tested standing versus supine with a large effect size (p<.001, effect size =.27).

Conclusion: Hip extensor and abductor concentric isokinetic peak torques were greater when tested in recumbent versus standing positions. In contrast, hip flexor-extensor ratio was greater when tested in standing versus supine.

Level of evidence: 3.

背景:髋部肌肉无力与许多肌肉骨骼疾病和运动损伤有关。等动测试通常用于测量患者的力量或评估治疗反应。在进行等速肌力测试时,患者的性别和体位可能会影响峰值扭矩的产生以及激动剂-拮抗剂峰值扭矩比。然而,临床和研究中使用不同的测试姿势来测量髋部肌肉力量。假设/目的:本研究的目的是确定矢状面和额面髋部肌肉的同心等动峰值扭矩在卧位和站立位测试时是否存在差异,以及测试结果是否会受到患者性别的影响:研究设计:横断面观察法:研究设计:横断面观察法。在两种体位(仰卧位和站立位;60°/秒角速度)下测量髋关节屈肌、伸肌、内收肌和外展肌的同心等动髋关节扭矩。峰值扭矩值按体重和身高进行归一化处理。数据采用混合模型方差分析(性别 x 姿势)。使用偏等平方检验效应大小:结果:没有发现性别有明显的交互作用或主效应。在髋关节伸肌和外展肌峰值扭矩以及髋关节屈肌-伸肌比率方面,位置具有显著的主效应。仰卧测试与站立测试相比,髋关节伸肌峰值扭矩更大,其效应大小更大(p=.02,效应大小=.14)。侧卧与站立测试时,髋关节外展肌峰值扭矩更大,影响程度为中等(p=.03,影响程度=.12)。髋关节屈肌-伸肌激动剂-拮抗剂比率在站立与仰卧测试时更大,影响程度较大(p):髋关节伸肌和外展肌同心等动峰值扭矩在仰卧位和站立位测试时更大。与此相反,在站立与仰卧姿势下进行测试时,髋关节屈肌与伸肌的比率更大:3.
{"title":"Position- and Sex-Related Differences in Sagittal and Frontal Plane Concentric Isokinetic Hip Muscle Peak Torques and Agonist-Antagonist Ratios.","authors":"Lisa T Hoglund, Matthew C Schiffino, James E Freels, Isabella G Romano","doi":"10.26603/001c.124117","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hip muscle weakness is associated with many musculoskeletal conditions and athletic injuries. Isokinetic testing is often performed to measure a patient's strength or to assess treatment response. Patient sex and positioning during isokinetic strength testing may influence peak torque production and the agonist-antagonist peak torque ratios. However, different test positions are used clinically and in research to measure hip muscle strength. It is unknown how patient test position or sex impacts test results.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine whether concentric isokinetic peak torques of sagittal and frontal plane hip muscles differ when tested in recumbent versus standing positions and if results were impacted by patient sex.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional observational.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty healthy adults (20 male, 20 female) participated. Concentric isokinetic hip torques of the hip flexors, extensors, abductors, and adductors were measured with participants in two positions (recumbent versus standing; 60°/second angular velocity). Peak torque values were normalized by body mass and height. Data were analyzed with mixed-model ANOVAs (sex x position). Effect sizes were examined using partial eta squared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant interactions or main effects for sex were found. Significant main effects for position were found for hip extensor and abductor peak torques and for hip flexor-extensor ratio. Hip extensor peak torque was greater when tested supine versus standing with a large effect size (<i>p</i>=.02, effect size =.14). Hip abductor peak torque was greater when tested sidelying versus standing with a medium effect size (<i>p</i>=.03, effect size =.12). Hip flexor-extensor agonist-antagonist ratio was greater when tested standing versus supine with a large effect size (<i>p</i><.001, effect size =.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hip extensor and abductor concentric isokinetic peak torques were greater when tested in recumbent versus standing positions. In contrast, hip flexor-extensor ratio was greater when tested in standing versus supine.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1407-1416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurocognitive and Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Techniques after ACL Injury, Part 1: Optimizing Recovery in the Acute Post-Operative Phase- A Clinical Commentary. 前交叉韧带损伤后的神经认知和神经肌肉康复技术,第一部分:优化术后急性期的恢复--临床评论》。
IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.26603/001c.124945
Kevin E Wilk, Morgan Ivey, Zachary M Thomas, Lewis Lupowitz

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates are on the rise, despite improved surgical techniques and prevention programs. While traditional rehabilitation emphasizes the restoration of motion, strength, and physical performance, emerging research highlights the importance of addressing neurocognitive deficits that can persist after injury. These deficits, including altered proprioception, impaired motor control and muscle recruitment, as well as heightened reliance on visual feedback, can significantly increase the risk of re-injury and impede return to sport. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to outline a proposed comprehensive approach to rehabilitation that challenges the neurocognitive system to optimize rehabilitation outcomes and reduce reinjury risk. Thus, this clinical commentary discusses the rationale for integrating neurocognitive training into all phases of ACLR rehabilitation, from initial injury to eight weeks post-surgery. It details the neurophysiological changes caused by ACL injury and presents evidence supporting the use of exercises that challenge visual attention, decision-making, and motor planning. A comprehensive rehabilitation framework incorporating both physical and neurocognitive components is proposed, aiming to improve long-term outcomes and reduce re-injury risk. Level of Evidence: 5.

尽管手术技术和预防计划有所改进,但前十字韧带(ACL)损伤率仍在上升。传统的康复治疗强调恢复运动、力量和身体表现,而新的研究则强调了解决受伤后可能持续存在的神经认知缺陷的重要性。这些缺陷包括本体感觉改变、运动控制和肌肉募集受损以及对视觉反馈的依赖性增强,它们会大大增加再次受伤的风险并阻碍患者重返运动场。本临床评论的目的是概述一种拟议的综合康复方法,该方法挑战神经认知系统,以优化康复效果并降低再次受伤的风险。因此,本临床评论讨论了将神经认知训练纳入前交叉韧带损伤(ACLR)康复的各个阶段(从最初受伤到术后八周)的理由。它详细介绍了前交叉韧带损伤引起的神经生理变化,并提出了支持使用挑战视觉注意力、决策和运动规划的练习的证据。文章提出了一个综合康复框架,其中包含身体和神经认知两部分,旨在改善长期疗效并降低再次受伤的风险。证据等级:5.
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引用次数: 0
Increased Visual Attentional Demands Alter Lower Extremity Sidestep Cutting Kinematics in Male Basketball Players. 视觉注意力需求的增加改变了男性篮球运动员的下肢侧步切入运动学。
IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.26603/001c.124804
Koen T H Rikken, Tom Panneman, Fabian Vercauteren, Alli Gokeler, Anne Benjaminse

Background: In basketball, changing direction is one of the primary mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often occurring within complex game situations with high cognitive demands. It is unknown how visual attention affects sidestep cutting kinematics during the entire energy absorption phase of the cut in an ecologically valid environment.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to study the effect of added cognitive load, in the form of increased visual attentional demands, on sidestep cutting kinematics during the energy absorption phase of the cut in an ecologically valid environment.

Study design: Crossover Study.

Methods: Fifteen male basketball players (aged 22.1 ± 2.3) performed ten sidestep cutting movements without (BASE) and with (VIS) a visual attention dual task. 3D kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle were recorded utilizing Xsens IMU motion capture. Temporal kinematics were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Discrete time point kinematics were additionally analyzed at initial contact (IC) and at peak knee flexion utilizing paired t-tests. Effect sizes were calculated.

Results: Hip flexion was significantly reduced in the VIS condition compared to the BASE condition (p<0.01), including at IC (VIS 35.0° ± 7.2°, BASE 40.7° ± 4.9°, p=0.02, d=0.92) and peak (VIS 37.8° ± 9.7°, BASE 45.5° ± 6.9°, p=0.001, d=0.90). Knee flexion was significantly reduced in the VIS condition, in comparison to the BASE condition (p<0.01), at peak (VIS 59.9° ± 7.5°, BASE 64.1° ± 7.4°, p=0.001, d=0.55).

Conclusion: The addition of visual attention during sidestep cutting altered lower limb kinematics, which may increase ACL injury risk. It is suggested that ACL injury risk screening and prevention should include sidestep cutting with visual attentional demands, in order to mimic the cognitive demands of the sports environment.

Level of evidence: 3.

背景:在篮球运动中,改变方向是前十字韧带(ACL)损伤的主要机制之一,通常发生在对认知要求较高的复杂比赛环境中。目的:本研究的目的是研究在生态有效的环境中,增加认知负荷(即增加视觉注意力需求)对切入能量吸收阶段的侧步切入运动学的影响:研究设计:交叉研究:15 名男性篮球运动员(年龄为 22.1 ± 2.3)在没有(BASE)和有(VIS)视觉注意力双重任务的情况下进行了 10 次侧身切入动作。利用 Xsens IMU 运动捕捉系统记录了髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的三维运动学数据。使用统计参数映射对时间运动学进行分析。此外,还利用配对 t 检验对初始接触 (IC) 和膝关节屈曲峰值时的离散时间点运动学进行了分析。计算了效应大小:结果:与 BASE 条件相比,VIS 条件下的髋关节屈曲明显减少(p 结论:在侧向运动中增加视觉注意力,可以减少膝关节屈曲:结论:侧向切入时视觉注意力的增加改变了下肢运动学,可能会增加前交叉韧带损伤的风险。建议前交叉韧带损伤风险筛查和预防应包括有视觉注意力要求的侧步切入,以模拟运动环境中的认知要求:3.
{"title":"Increased Visual Attentional Demands Alter Lower Extremity Sidestep Cutting Kinematics in Male Basketball Players.","authors":"Koen T H Rikken, Tom Panneman, Fabian Vercauteren, Alli Gokeler, Anne Benjaminse","doi":"10.26603/001c.124804","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In basketball, changing direction is one of the primary mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, often occurring within complex game situations with high cognitive demands. It is unknown how visual attention affects sidestep cutting kinematics during the entire energy absorption phase of the cut in an ecologically valid environment.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this research was to study the effect of added cognitive load, in the form of increased visual attentional demands, on sidestep cutting kinematics during the energy absorption phase of the cut in an ecologically valid environment.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Crossover Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen male basketball players (aged 22.1 ± 2.3) performed ten sidestep cutting movements without (BASE) and with (VIS) a visual attention dual task. 3D kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle were recorded utilizing Xsens IMU motion capture. Temporal kinematics were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Discrete time point kinematics were additionally analyzed at initial contact (IC) and at peak knee flexion utilizing paired t-tests. Effect sizes were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hip flexion was significantly reduced in the VIS condition compared to the BASE condition (p<0.01), including at IC (VIS 35.0° ± 7.2°, BASE 40.7° ± 4.9°, p=0.02, d=0.92) and peak (VIS 37.8° ± 9.7°, BASE 45.5° ± 6.9°, p=0.001, d=0.90). Knee flexion was significantly reduced in the VIS condition, in comparison to the BASE condition (p<0.01), at peak (VIS 59.9° ± 7.5°, BASE 64.1° ± 7.4°, p=0.001, d=0.55).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of visual attention during sidestep cutting altered lower limb kinematics, which may increase ACL injury risk. It is suggested that ACL injury risk screening and prevention should include sidestep cutting with visual attentional demands, in order to mimic the cognitive demands of the sports environment.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1304-1313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders. 业余和专业健美运动员的功能性动作和深蹲质量。
IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.26603/001c.124998
Veronika Iljinaitė, Laimonas Šiupšinskas, Kristina Berškienė

Background: It is important to assess the quality of fundamental movements, to discover deficits, evaluate mobility, balance, and stability, and identify movement dysfunction and asymmetries. However, little research has been performed on the assessment of fundamental movements with bodybuilders.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the quality of professional and amateur bodybuilders' functional movements and the quality of the back squat performance. A secondary purpose was to discern whether greater experience in bodybuilding was associated with better scores on the back squat assessement (BSA).

Study design: Cross-Sectional Cohort.

Methods: Twenty-six athletes were recruited to participate. The group of professional bodybuilders consisted of five men and six women, a total of 11 athletes. The group of amateur bodybuilders consisted of seven men and eight women, a total of 15 athletes. The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) was used to assess the seven included fundamental patterns that evaluate an individual's neuromuscular control, mobility, balance, and stability. The BSA was used to assess the quality of movement, dysfunction, deficit, or compensation during the squat exercise. Statistical analyses applied non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman's) for dependent and independent samples, with significance set at p<0.05, and the Spearman correlation coefficient and Chi-square test were used to assess relationships between quantitative and qualitative variables.

Results: Overall, athletes with a higher total FMS™ score performed better on the BSA as well. The professional athletes scored 2.58 points higher than the amateurs on total FMS™ scores (p<0.001).Professional athletes scored better on the BSA than amateurs (p<0.001). A statistically significant, positive moderate correlation was revealed between the FMS™ total score and the squat total score (r=0.68; p=0.005).

Conclusions: A higher FMS™ score in bodybuilders is associated with a higher BSA score. Professional bodybuilders have higher FMS™ scores and higher BSA scores than amateurs. Greater experience in bodybuilding is associated with the compliance with several BSA criteria: trunk position, frontal knee alignment, tibial translation angle, foot position in all three back squat variations with different external loads, and descent with the training weight.

Level of evidence: 3b.

背景:评估基本动作的质量、发现缺陷、评估移动性、平衡性和稳定性以及识别动作功能障碍和不对称非常重要。目的:本研究的目的是检查专业和业余健美运动员的功能性动作质量以及深蹲的质量。研究设计:横断面队列研究:研究设计:横断面队列:方法:招募 26 名运动员参加。专业健美运动员组包括 5 名男性和 6 名女性,共 11 名运动员。业余健美运动员组包括 7 名男性和 8 名女性,共 15 名运动员。功能性运动筛查™(FMS™)用于评估包括神经肌肉控制、移动性、平衡性和稳定性在内的七种基本模式。BSA 用于评估深蹲运动中的运动质量、功能障碍、缺陷或补偿。统计分析采用非参数检验(Wilcoxon、Mann-Whitney U 和 Friedman's)对因果样本和独立样本进行检验,显著性设定为 p 结果:总体而言,FMS™ 总分较高的运动员在 BSA 中的表现也较好。专业运动员的 FMS™ 总分比业余运动员高出 2.58 分(p结论:专业运动员的 FMS™ 总分比业余运动员高出 2.58 分:健美运动员的 FMS™ 得分越高,BSA 得分越高。专业健美运动员的 FMS™ 评分和 BSA 评分均高于业余健美运动员。更丰富的健美经验与是否符合以下几项 BSA 标准有关:躯干位置、膝关节前侧对齐、胫骨平移角、不同外部负荷下所有三种后蹲变化的脚部位置以及训练重量下蹲:3b.
{"title":"The Quality of Functional Movements and the Back Squat in Amateur and Professional Bodybuilders.","authors":"Veronika Iljinaitė, Laimonas Šiupšinskas, Kristina Berškienė","doi":"10.26603/001c.124998","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.124998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is important to assess the quality of fundamental movements, to discover deficits, evaluate mobility, balance, and stability, and identify movement dysfunction and asymmetries. However, little research has been performed on the assessment of fundamental movements with bodybuilders.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this research was to examine the quality of professional and amateur bodybuilders' functional movements and the quality of the back squat performance. A secondary purpose was to discern whether greater experience in bodybuilding was associated with better scores on the back squat assessement (BSA).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-Sectional Cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-six athletes were recruited to participate. The group of professional bodybuilders consisted of five men and six women, a total of 11 athletes. The group of amateur bodybuilders consisted of seven men and eight women, a total of 15 athletes. The Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) was used to assess the seven included fundamental patterns that evaluate an individual's neuromuscular control, mobility, balance, and stability. The BSA was used to assess the quality of movement, dysfunction, deficit, or compensation during the squat exercise. Statistical analyses applied non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman's) for dependent and independent samples, with significance set at p<0.05, and the Spearman correlation coefficient and Chi-square test were used to assess relationships between quantitative and qualitative variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, athletes with a higher total FMS™ score performed better on the BSA as well. The professional athletes scored 2.58 points higher than the amateurs on total FMS™ scores (p<0.001).Professional athletes scored better on the BSA than amateurs (p<0.001). A statistically significant, positive moderate correlation was revealed between the FMS™ total score and the squat total score (r=0.68; p=0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A higher FMS™ score in bodybuilders is associated with a higher BSA score. Professional bodybuilders have higher FMS™ scores and higher BSA scores than amateurs. Greater experience in bodybuilding is associated with the compliance with several BSA criteria: trunk position, frontal knee alignment, tibial translation angle, foot position in all three back squat variations with different external loads, and descent with the training weight.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1455-1464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemiology and Factors Influencing Davis Cup Retirements Over the Past Twenty Years. 过去二十年戴维斯杯退役的流行病学和影响因素。
IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.26603/001c.123948
Martí Casals, Jordi Cortés, Daniel Llenderrozos, Miguel Crespo, Timothy E Hewett, Lorena Martin, Ernest Baiget

Background: The demands of professional tennis, including physical and psychological aspects, contribute to the frequency of retirements at elite levels of the sport.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of injuries and the factors that influence the retirements of professional tennis players competing in the Davis Cup over the last two decades.

Study design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: The data set includes data from 6,060 men's singles matches that included 1,814,141 games from Davis Cup ties played between 2000 to 2019. Factors that might influence the retirements were studied by means of generalized linear models using Poisson distribution. Incidence rates by 1000 games and incidence rate ratios of retirements are provided as association measures.

Results: The retirement incidence was 1.05 per 1000 games [95% CI: 0.90, 1.21]. The main risk factors associated with retirements were matches played on hard courts (IRR: 2.52 [95% CI: 1.32, 4.83]) and matches played in the final two matches of the tie and in a best-of-5-set format (IRR: 2.63 [95% CI: 1.69, 4.09] and IRR: 5.52 [95% CI: 3.50, 8.69], respectively). The most common injuries that led to retirements were those affecting the lower extremities, specifically involving muscular or tendinous tissues.

Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights for coaches, players, support teams, and epidemiologists regarding retirements and their associated risk factors in Davis Cup tournaments. These findings may guide future research and inform strategies aimed at managing player health and performance in professional tennis.

Level of evidence: Level 2b.

背景:目的:本研究旨在探讨过去二十年中参加戴维斯杯比赛的职业网球运动员的受伤频率以及影响其退役的因素:研究设计:回顾性队列研究:数据集包括 6,060 场男子单打比赛的数据,其中 1,814,141 场比赛来自 2000 年至 2019 年期间举行的戴维斯杯比赛。采用泊松分布的广义线性模型对可能影响退役的因素进行了研究。提供了每 1000 场比赛的退役发生率和退役发生率比作为关联测量指标:结果:每 1000 场比赛的退役发生率为 1.05 [95% CI:0.90,1.21]。与退役相关的主要风险因素是在硬地球场进行的比赛(IRR:2.52 [95% CI:1.32, 4.83])以及在平局的最后两场比赛中进行的比赛和五局三胜制的比赛(IRR:分别为 2.63 [95% CI:1.69, 4.09]和 IRR:5.52 [95% CI:3.50, 8.69])。导致退役的最常见伤病是下肢伤病,特别是涉及肌肉或肌腱组织的伤病:这项研究为教练、球员、辅助团队和流行病学家提供了有关戴维斯杯比赛中退役及其相关风险因素的宝贵见解。这些发现可为未来的研究提供指导,并为管理职业网球运动员健康和表现的策略提供信息:2b 级。
{"title":"Epidemiology and Factors Influencing Davis Cup Retirements Over the Past Twenty Years.","authors":"Martí Casals, Jordi Cortés, Daniel Llenderrozos, Miguel Crespo, Timothy E Hewett, Lorena Martin, Ernest Baiget","doi":"10.26603/001c.123948","DOIUrl":"10.26603/001c.123948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The demands of professional tennis, including physical and psychological aspects, contribute to the frequency of retirements at elite levels of the sport.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of injuries and the factors that influence the retirements of professional tennis players competing in the Davis Cup over the last two decades.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data set includes data from 6,060 men's singles matches that included 1,814,141 games from Davis Cup ties played between 2000 to 2019. Factors that might influence the retirements were studied by means of generalized linear models using Poisson distribution. Incidence rates by 1000 games and incidence rate ratios of retirements are provided as association measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The retirement incidence was 1.05 per 1000 games [95% CI: 0.90, 1.21]. The main risk factors associated with retirements were matches played on hard courts (IRR: 2.52 [95% CI: 1.32, 4.83]) and matches played in the final two matches of the tie and in a best-of-5-set format (IRR: 2.63 [95% CI: 1.69, 4.09] and IRR: 5.52 [95% CI: 3.50, 8.69], respectively). The most common injuries that led to retirements were those affecting the lower extremities, specifically involving muscular or tendinous tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides valuable insights for coaches, players, support teams, and epidemiologists regarding retirements and their associated risk factors in Davis Cup tournaments. These findings may guide future research and inform strategies aimed at managing player health and performance in professional tennis.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2b.</p>","PeriodicalId":47892,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","volume":"19 11","pages":"1465-1476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
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