Education expansion and its returns to education in Vietnam: a two-step Heckman model analysis

IF 2.3 3区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Asia Pacific Education Review Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI:10.1007/s12564-024-09967-0
Jean-Baptiste M. B. Sanfo, Keiichi Ogawa, Thu Ha Truong
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Abstract

This study investigates the impact of educational expansion on the relationship between education and its economic returns as posited by the human capital theory. Specifically, we explore how the expansion of education affects the returns to higher levels of education relative to lower ones and examine gender differences across levels of education. To achieve these objectives, we use data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys (VHLSS) conducted between 2002 and 2014, encompassing a sample of 133,600 individuals. Our empirical findings, consistent with the human capital theory, show that higher levels of education are associated with increased monetary returns, even in the context of educational expansion. Nevertheless, we observe varied gender effects resulting from the expansion of education, particularly for individuals with no or primary education. Notably, women in these educational categories tend to earn lower wages than their male counterparts. In contrast, women who have attained tertiary education have higher wage premiums than men. Overall, this study's results support the human capital theory while emphasizing the significance of considering education as a positional good and recognizing the gender-specific impacts of educational expansion.

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越南的教育扩张及其教育回报:两步赫克曼模型分析
本研究探讨了教育扩张对人力资本理论所假设的教育及其经济回报之间关系的影响。具体而言,我们将探讨教育扩张如何影响较高教育水平相对于较低教育水平的回报,并研究不同教育水平的性别差异。为了实现这些目标,我们使用了 2002 年至 2014 年期间进行的越南家庭生活水平调查(VHLSS)的数据,样本包括 13.36 万人。我们的实证研究结果与人力资本理论一致,表明即使在教育扩张的背景下,较高的教育水平也会带来更高的货币回报。然而,我们观察到教育扩张带来的不同性别效应,尤其是对未受过教育或仅受过初等教育的个人而言。值得注意的是,这些教育程度的女性的工资往往低于男性。相比之下,受过高等教育的女性的工资溢价高于男性。总体而言,本研究的结果支持人力资本理论,同时强调了将教育视为一种地位商品的重要性,并认识到教育扩张对不同性别的影响。
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来源期刊
Asia Pacific Education Review
Asia Pacific Education Review EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH-
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
4.30%
发文量
64
期刊介绍: The Asia Pacific Education Review (APER) aims to stimulate research, encourage academic exchange, and enhance the professional development of scholars and other researchers who are interested in educational and cultural issues in the Asia Pacific region. APER covers all areas of educational research, with a focus on cross-cultural, comparative and other studies with a broad Asia-Pacific context. APER is a peer reviewed journal produced by the Education Research Institute at Seoul National University. It was founded by the Institute of Asia Pacific Education Development, Seoul National University in 2000, which is owned and operated by Education Research Institute at Seoul National University since 2003. APER requires all submitted manuscripts to follow the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA; http://www.apastyle.org/index.aspx).
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