Behind the cattle industry: Modern slave labor used to produce Brazil's beef and leather

IF 4.7 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Development Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI:10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101000
Juliana Brandão , Lisa Rausch , Jacob Munger , Lisa Naughton-Treves , Holly K. Gibbs
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Abstract

In this study we investigated the persistent problem of modern slave labor (MSL) in the cattle industry in the state of Pará, Brazil. We identified key characteristics of cattle ranches implicated in MSL and evaluated the efficacy of Zero-Deforestation Agreements in preventing MSL in supply chains. We found properties on the “Dirty List” for MSL tend to be larger, more forested, and faster at deforesting than other ranches. Additionally, we discovered degrading conditions and debt bondage are the predominant MSL types in the cattle sector. Our results show slaughterhouses avoid buying directly from properties with MSL. However, cattle from Dirty List properties continue to enter slaughterhouse supply chains through indirect suppliers, even those committed to Zero-Deforestation Agreements. Overall, our findings reveal the complexity of addressing labor exploitation in opaque cattle supply chains. Expanding monitoring and traceability systems, improving transparency, and providing alternative livelihoods for at-risk workers are urgently needed. Public-private collaborations show promise for strengthening enforcement and improving working conditions in the cattle industry.

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养牛业的背后:生产巴西牛肉和皮革所使用的现代奴隶劳动
在这项研究中,我们调查了巴西帕拉州养牛业长期存在的现代奴工(MSL)问题。我们确定了涉及 MSL 的养牛场的主要特征,并评估了零毁林协议在防止供应链中出现 MSL 方面的功效。我们发现,与其他牧场相比,被列入 MSL "肮脏名单 "的牧场往往规模更大、森林覆盖率更高、毁林速度更快。此外,我们还发现在养牛业中,劣质条件和债役是主要的 MSL 类型。我们的研究结果表明,屠宰场避免直接从存在 MSL 的牧场购买牲畜。然而,来自 "肮脏名单 "牧场的牛继续通过间接供应商进入屠宰场供应链,甚至是那些承诺 "零毁林协议 "的供应商。总之,我们的发现揭示了在不透明的牛供应链中解决劳动剥削问题的复杂性。当务之急是扩大监控和可追溯系统,提高透明度,并为面临风险的工人提供替代生计。公私合作为加强执法和改善养牛业的工作条件带来了希望。
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来源期刊
Environmental Development
Environmental Development Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
1.90%
发文量
62
审稿时长
74 days
期刊介绍: Environmental Development provides a future oriented, pro-active, authoritative source of information and learning for researchers, postgraduate students, policymakers, and managers, and bridges the gap between fundamental research and the application in management and policy practices. It stimulates the exchange and coupling of traditional scientific knowledge on the environment, with the experiential knowledge among decision makers and other stakeholders and also connects natural sciences and social and behavioral sciences. Environmental Development includes and promotes scientific work from the non-western world, and also strengthens the collaboration between the developed and developing world. Further it links environmental research to broader issues of economic and social-cultural developments, and is intended to shorten the delays between research and publication, while ensuring thorough peer review. Environmental Development also creates a forum for transnational communication, discussion and global action. Environmental Development is open to a broad range of disciplines and authors. The journal welcomes, in particular, contributions from a younger generation of researchers, and papers expanding the frontiers of environmental sciences, pointing at new directions and innovative answers. All submissions to Environmental Development are reviewed using the general criteria of quality, originality, precision, importance of topic and insights, clarity of exposition, which are in keeping with the journal''s aims and scope.
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