Superior Mechanical Behavior and Flame Retardancy FRP via a Distribution Controllable 1D/2D Hybrid Nanoclay Synergistic Toughening Strategy

IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Engineering Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.017
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Abstract

The incorporation of commercial flame retardants into fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites has been proposed as a potential solution to improve the latter’s poor flame resistance. However, this approach often poses a challenge, as it can adversely affect the mechanical properties of the FRP. Thus, balancing the need for improved flame resistance with the preservation of mechanical integrity remains a complex issue in FRP research. Addressing this critical concern, this study introduces a novel additive system featuring a combination of one-dimensional (1D) hollow tubular structured halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and two-dimensional (2D) polygonal flake-shaped nano kaolinite (NKN). By employing a 1D/2D hybrid kaolinite nanoclay system, this research aims to simultaneously improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties. This innovative approach offers several advantages. During combustion and pyrolysis processes, the 1D/2D hybrid kaolinite nanoclay system proves effective in reducing heat release and volatile leaching. Furthermore, the system facilitates the formation of reinforcing skeletons through a crosslinking mechanism during pyrolysis, resulting in the development of a compact char layer. This char layer acts as a protective barrier, enhancing the material’s resistance to heat and flames. In terms of mechanical properties, the multilayered polygonal flake-shaped 2D NKN plays a crucial role by impeding the formation of cracks that typically arise from vulnerable areas, such as adhesive phase particles. Simultaneously, the 1D HNT bridges these cracks within the matrix, ensuring the structural integrity of the composite material. In an optimal scenario, the homogeneously distributed 1D/2D hybrid kaolinite nanoclays exhibit remarkable results, with a 51.0% improvement in mode II fracture toughness (GIIC), indicating increased resistance to crack propagation. In addition, there is a 34.5% reduction in total heat release, signifying improved flame retardancy. This study represents a significant step forward in the field of composite materials. The innovative use of hybrid low-dimensional nanomaterials offers a promising avenue for the development of multifunctional composites. By carefully designing and incorporating these nanoclays, researchers can potentially create a new generation of FRP composites that excel in both flame resistance and mechanical strength.

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通过分布可控的 1D/2D 混合纳米粘土协同增韧策略实现优异的机械性能和阻燃性能的玻璃钢
在纤维增强聚合物(FRP)复合材料中加入商用阻燃剂被认为是改善后者阻燃性能差的潜在解决方案。然而,这种方法往往会对玻璃纤维增强聚合物的机械性能产生不利影响,因此带来了挑战。因此,如何在提高阻燃性和保持机械完整性之间取得平衡,仍然是玻璃钢研究中的一个复杂问题。为了解决这一关键问题,本研究介绍了一种新型添加剂系统,它结合了一维(1D)空心管状结构的哈洛石纳米管(HNTs)和二维(2D)多边形片状纳米高岭石(NKN)。通过采用一维/二维混合高岭石纳米粘土体系,这项研究旨在同时提高阻燃性和机械性能。这种创新方法具有多项优势。在燃烧和热解过程中,1D/2D 混合高岭石纳米粘土体系可有效减少热量释放和挥发物浸出。此外,该系统还能在热解过程中通过交联机制促进强化骨架的形成,从而形成紧密的炭层。这种炭层起到保护屏障的作用,增强了材料的耐热性和耐燃性。在机械性能方面,多层多边形片状二维 NKN 起到了至关重要的作用,它可以阻止裂缝的形成,而裂缝通常来自粘合相颗粒等薄弱区域。同时,一维 HNT 在基体中弥合这些裂缝,确保复合材料的结构完整性。在最佳情况下,均匀分布的 1D/2D 混合高岭石纳米粘土效果显著,模式 II 断裂韧性(GIIC)提高了 51.0%,表明抗裂纹扩展的能力增强。此外,总放热量减少了 34.5%,这表明阻燃性能得到了改善。这项研究标志着复合材料领域向前迈出了重要一步。混合低维纳米材料的创新使用为多功能复合材料的开发提供了一条前景广阔的途径。通过精心设计并加入这些纳米粘土,研究人员有可能制造出阻燃性和机械强度都很出色的新一代玻璃钢复合材料。
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来源期刊
Engineering
Engineering Environmental Science-Environmental Engineering
自引率
1.60%
发文量
335
审稿时长
35 days
期刊介绍: Engineering, an international open-access journal initiated by the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) in 2015, serves as a distinguished platform for disseminating cutting-edge advancements in engineering R&D, sharing major research outputs, and highlighting key achievements worldwide. The journal's objectives encompass reporting progress in engineering science, fostering discussions on hot topics, addressing areas of interest, challenges, and prospects in engineering development, while considering human and environmental well-being and ethics in engineering. It aims to inspire breakthroughs and innovations with profound economic and social significance, propelling them to advanced international standards and transforming them into a new productive force. Ultimately, this endeavor seeks to bring about positive changes globally, benefit humanity, and shape a new future.
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