IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.020

Accurate origin–destination (OD) demand prediction is crucial for the efficient operation and management of urban rail transit (URT) systems, particularly during a pandemic. However, this task faces several limitations, including real-time availability, sparsity, and high-dimensionality issues, and the impact of the pandemic. Consequently, this study proposes a unified framework called the physics-guided adaptive graph spatial–temporal attention network (PAG-STAN) for metro OD demand prediction under pandemic conditions. Specifically, PAG-STAN introduces a real-time OD estimation module to estimate real-time complete OD demand matrices. Subsequently, a novel dynamic OD demand matrix compression module is proposed to generate dense real-time OD demand matrices. Thereafter, PAG-STAN leverages various heterogeneous data to learn the evolutionary trend of future OD ridership during the pandemic. Finally, a masked physics-guided loss function (MPG-loss function) incorporates the physical quantity information between the OD demand and inbound flow into the loss function to enhance model interpretability. PAG-STAN demonstrated favorable performance on two real-world metro OD demand datasets under the pandemic and conventional scenarios, highlighting its robustness and sensitivity for metro OD demand prediction. A series of ablation studies were conducted to verify the indispensability of each module in PAG-STAN.

准确的始发站（OD）需求预测对于城市轨道交通（URT）系统的高效运营和管理至关重要，尤其是在大流行病期间。然而，这项任务面临着一些限制，包括实时性、稀疏性和高维性问题，以及大流行病的影响。因此，本研究提出了一个统一的框架，称为物理引导的自适应图时空注意力网络（PAG-STAN），用于大流行病条件下的地铁外径需求预测。具体来说，PAG-STAN 引入了一个实时 OD 估算模块，用于实时估算完整的 OD 需求矩阵。随后，提出了一个新颖的动态 OD 需求矩阵压缩模块，以生成密集的实时 OD 需求矩阵。之后，PAG-STAN 利用各种异构数据了解大流行期间未来 OD 乘客量的演变趋势。最后，一个掩蔽物理引导损失函数（MPG-loss function）将外包需求和入境流量之间的物理量信息纳入损失函数，以增强模型的可解释性。PAG-STAN 在大流行和传统情景下的两个真实世界地铁外径需求数据集上表现出良好的性能，突出了其在地铁外径需求预测方面的稳健性和灵敏度。为验证 PAG-STAN 中每个模块的不可或缺性，还进行了一系列消融研究。

{"title":"Physics Guided Deep Learning-Based Model for Short-Term Origin–Destination Demand Prediction in Urban Rail Transit Systems Under Pandemic","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate origin–destination (OD) demand prediction is crucial for the efficient operation and management of urban rail transit (URT) systems, particularly during a pandemic. However, this task faces several limitations, including real-time availability, sparsity, and high-dimensionality issues, and the impact of the pandemic. Consequently, this study proposes a unified framework called the physics-guided adaptive graph spatial–temporal attention network (PAG-STAN) for metro OD demand prediction under pandemic conditions. Specifically, PAG-STAN introduces a real-time OD estimation module to estimate real-time complete OD demand matrices. Subsequently, a novel dynamic OD demand matrix compression module is proposed to generate dense real-time OD demand matrices. Thereafter, PAG-STAN leverages various heterogeneous data to learn the evolutionary trend of future OD ridership during the pandemic. Finally, a masked physics-guided loss function (MPG-loss function) incorporates the physical quantity information between the OD demand and inbound flow into the loss function to enhance model interpretability. PAG-STAN demonstrated favorable performance on two real-world metro OD demand datasets under the pandemic and conventional scenarios, highlighting its robustness and sensitivity for metro OD demand prediction. A series of ablation studies were conducted to verify the indispensability of each module in PAG-STAN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141130833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and Validation of an Automatic Ultrawide-Field Fundus Imaging Enhancement System for Facilitating Clinical Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study 开发和验证自动超宽视野眼底成像增强系统以促进临床诊断：一项横断面多中心研究

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.006

In ophthalmology, the quality of fundus images is critical for accurate diagnosis, both in clinical practice and in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostics. Despite the broad view provided by ultrawide-field (UWF) imaging, pseudocolor images may conceal critical lesions necessary for precise diagnosis. To address this, we introduce UWF-Net, a sophisticated image enhancement algorithm that takes disease characteristics into consideration. Using the Fudan University ultra-wide-field image (FDUWI) dataset, which includes 11 294 Optos pseudocolor and 2415 Zeiss true-color UWF images, each of which is rigorously annotated, UWF-Net combines global style modeling with feature-level lesion enhancement. Pathological consistency loss is also applied to maintain fundus feature integrity, significantly improving image quality. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrated that UWF-Net outperforms existing methods such as contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and structure and illumination constrained generative adversarial network (StillGAN), delivering superior retinal image quality, higher quality scores, and preserved feature details after enhancement. In disease classification tasks, images enhanced by UWF-Net showed notable improvements when processed with existing classification systems over those enhanced by StillGAN, demonstrating a 4.62% increase in sensitivity (SEN) and a 3.97% increase in accuracy (ACC). In a multicenter clinical setting, UWF-Net-enhanced images were preferred by ophthalmologic technicians and doctors, and yielded a significant reduction in diagnostic time ((13.17 ± 8.40) s for UWF-Net enhanced images vs (19.54 ± 12.40) s for original images) and an increase in diagnostic accuracy (87.71% for UWF-Net enhanced images vs 80.40% for original images). Our research verifies that UWF-Net markedly improves the quality of UWF imaging, facilitating better clinical outcomes and more reliable AI-assisted disease classification. The clinical integration of UWF-Net holds great promise for enhancing diagnostic processes and patient care in ophthalmology.

在眼科领域，无论是临床实践还是人工智能（AI）辅助诊断，眼底图像的质量对于准确诊断都至关重要。尽管超宽视场（UWF）成像提供了广阔的视野，但伪彩色图像可能会掩盖精确诊断所需的关键病变。为了解决这个问题，我们引入了 UWF-Net，这是一种将疾病特征考虑在内的复杂图像增强算法。复旦大学超宽视场图像（FDUWI）数据集包括 11 294 张 Optos 伪彩色图像和 2415 张蔡司真彩超宽视场图像，每张图像都有严格的注释，UWF-Net 将全局风格建模与特征级病变增强相结合。病理一致性损失也用于保持眼底特征的完整性，从而显著提高图像质量。定量和定性评估结果表明，UWF-Net 优于对比度受限自适应直方图均衡化（CLAHE）和结构与光照约束生成式对抗网络（StillGAN）等现有方法，能提供更优越的视网膜图像质量、更高的质量分数以及增强后保留的特征细节。在疾病分类任务中，经 UWF-Net 增强的图像在使用现有分类系统处理时，比经 StillGAN 增强的图像有明显改善，灵敏度（SEN）提高了 4.62%，准确度（ACC）提高了 3.97%。在多中心临床环境中，UWF-Net 增强图像受到眼科技术人员和医生的青睐，显著缩短了诊断时间（UWF-Net 增强图像为（13.17 ± 8.40）秒，原始图像为（19.54 ± 12.40）秒），提高了诊断准确性（UWF-Net 增强图像为 87.71%，原始图像为 80.40%）。我们的研究证实，UWF-Net 能显著提高 UWF 成像的质量，促进更好的临床结果和更可靠的人工智能辅助疾病分类。UWF-Net的临床整合为提高眼科诊断流程和患者护理带来了巨大希望。

{"title":"Development and Validation of an Automatic Ultrawide-Field Fundus Imaging Enhancement System for Facilitating Clinical Diagnosis: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In ophthalmology, the quality of fundus images is critical for accurate diagnosis, both in clinical practice and in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnostics. Despite the broad view provided by ultrawide-field (UWF) imaging, pseudocolor images may conceal critical lesions necessary for precise diagnosis. To address this, we introduce UWF-Net, a sophisticated image enhancement algorithm that takes disease characteristics into consideration. Using the Fudan University ultra-wide-field image (FDUWI) dataset, which includes 11 294 Optos pseudocolor and 2415 Zeiss true-color UWF images, each of which is rigorously annotated, UWF-Net combines global style modeling with feature-level lesion enhancement. Pathological consistency loss is also applied to maintain fundus feature integrity, significantly improving image quality. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrated that UWF-Net outperforms existing methods such as contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and structure and illumination constrained generative adversarial network (StillGAN), delivering superior retinal image quality, higher quality scores, and preserved feature details after enhancement. In disease classification tasks, images enhanced by UWF-Net showed notable improvements when processed with existing classification systems over those enhanced by StillGAN, demonstrating a 4.62% increase in sensitivity (SEN) and a 3.97% increase in accuracy (ACC). In a multicenter clinical setting, UWF-Net-enhanced images were preferred by ophthalmologic technicians and doctors, and yielded a significant reduction in diagnostic time ((13.17 ± 8.40) s for UWF-Net enhanced images vs (19.54 ± 12.40) s for original images) and an increase in diagnostic accuracy (87.71% for UWF-Net enhanced images vs 80.40% for original images). Our research verifies that UWF-Net markedly improves the quality of UWF imaging, facilitating better clinical outcomes and more reliable AI-assisted disease classification. The clinical integration of UWF-Net holds great promise for enhancing diagnostic processes and patient care in ophthalmology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141143824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Robust, Flexible, and Superhydrophobic Fabrics for High-Efficiency and Ultrawide-Band Microwave Absorption 用于高效和超宽带微波吸收的坚固、柔韧和超疏水织物

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.009

Microwave absorption (MA) materials are essential for protecting against harmful electromagnetic radiation. In this study, highly efficient and ultrawide-band microwave-absorbing fabrics with superhydrophobic surface features were developed using a facile dip-coating method involving in situ graphene oxide (GO) reduction, deposition of TiO₂ nanoparticles, and subsequent coating of a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and octadecylamine (ODA) on polyester fabrics. Owing to the presence of hierarchically structured surfaces and low-surface-energy materials, the resultant reduced GO (rGO)/TiO₂-ODA/PDMS-coated fabrics demonstrate superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 159° and sliding angle of 5°. Under the synergistic effects of conduction loss, interface polarization loss, and surface roughness topography, the optimized fabrics show excellent microwave absorbing performances with a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −47.4 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB_max) of 7.7 GHz at a small rGO loading of 6.9 wt%. In addition, the rGO/TiO₂-ODA/PDMS coating was robust, and the coated fabrics could withstand repeated washing, soiling, long-term ultraviolet irradiation, and chemical attacks without losing their superhydrophobicity and MA properties. Moreover, the coating imparts self-healing properties to the fabrics. This study provides a promising and effective route for the development of robust and flexible materials with microwave-absorbing properties.

微波吸收（MA）材料对于抵御有害电磁辐射至关重要。本研究采用一种简便的浸涂方法，包括原位还原氧化石墨烯（GO）、沉积二氧化钛（TiO2）纳米颗粒，以及随后在聚酯织物上涂覆聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）和十八胺（ODA）混合物，开发出了具有超疏水表面特征的高效超宽带微波吸收织物。由于存在分层结构表面和低表面能材料，还原 GO（rGO）/TiO2-ODA/PDMS 涂层织物具有超疏水性，水接触角为 159°，滑动角为 5°。在传导损耗、界面极化损耗和表面粗糙度形貌的协同作用下，优化织物显示出优异的微波吸收性能，在较小的 rGO 负载（6.9 wt%）条件下，最小反射损耗 (RLmin) 为 -47.4 dB，最大有效吸收带宽 (EABmax) 为 7.7 GHz。此外，rGO/TiO2-ODA/PDMS 涂层非常坚固，涂层织物可经受反复洗涤、脏污、长期紫外线照射和化学侵蚀，而不会失去其超疏水性和 MA 特性。此外，涂层还赋予了织物自我修复的特性。这项研究为开发具有微波吸收特性的坚固柔性材料提供了一条前景广阔的有效途径。

{"title":"Robust, Flexible, and Superhydrophobic Fabrics for High-Efficiency and Ultrawide-Band Microwave Absorption","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave absorption (MA) materials are essential for protecting against harmful electromagnetic radiation. In this study, highly efficient and ultrawide-band microwave-absorbing fabrics with superhydrophobic surface features were developed using a facile dip-coating method involving <em>in situ</em> graphene oxide (GO) reduction, deposition of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, and subsequent coating of a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and octadecylamine (ODA) on polyester fabrics. Owing to the presence of hierarchically structured surfaces and low-surface-energy materials, the resultant reduced GO (rGO)/TiO<sub>2</sub>-ODA/PDMS-coated fabrics demonstrate superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 159° and sliding angle of 5°. Under the synergistic effects of conduction loss, interface polarization loss, and surface roughness topography, the optimized fabrics show excellent microwave absorbing performances with a minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −47.4 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB<sub>max</sub>) of 7.7 GHz at a small rGO loading of 6.9 wt%. In addition, the rGO/TiO<sub>2</sub>-ODA/PDMS coating was robust, and the coated fabrics could withstand repeated washing, soiling, long-term ultraviolet irradiation, and chemical attacks without losing their superhydrophobicity and MA properties. Moreover, the coating imparts self-healing properties to the fabrics. This study provides a promising and effective route for the development of robust and flexible materials with microwave-absorbing properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140788958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic Targeting of PKM2 Ameliorates NASH Fibrosis Progression in a Macrophage-Specific and Liver-Specific Manner PKM2 的治疗靶点能以巨噬细胞特异性和肝脏特异性方式改善 NASH 纤维化进展

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.005

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may soon become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease worldwide with limited treatment options. Liver fibrosis, which is driven by chronic inflammation and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, critically determines morbidity and mortality in patients with NASH. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is involved in immune activation and inflammatory liver diseases; however, its role and therapeutic potential in NASH-related fibrosis remain largely unexplored. Bioinformatics screening and analysis of human and murine NASH livers indicated that PKM2 was upregulated in nonparenchymal cells (NPCs), especially macrophages, in the livers of patients with fibrotic NASH. Macrophage-specific PKM2 knockout (PKM2^FL/FLLysM-Cre) significantly ameliorated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis severity in three distinct NASH models induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet, and a western diet plus weekly carbon tetrachloride injection (WD/CCl₄). Single-cell transcriptomic analysis indicated that deletion of PKM2 in macrophages reduced profibrotic Ly6C^high macrophage infiltration. Mechanistically, PKM2-dependent glycolysis promoted NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation in proinflammatory macrophages, which induced HSC activation and fibrogenesis. A pharmacological PKM2 agonist efficiently attenuated the profibrotic crosstalk between macrophages and HSCs in vitro and in vivo. Translationally, ablation of PKM2 in NPCs by cholesterol-conjugated heteroduplex oligonucleotides, a novel oligonucleotide drug that preferentially accumulates in the liver, dose-dependently reversed NASH-related fibrosis without causing observable hepatotoxicity. The present study highlights the pivotal role of macrophage PKM2 in advancing NASH fibrogenesis. Thus, therapeutic modulation of PKM2 in a macrophage-specific or liver-specific manner may serve as a novel strategy to combat NASH-related fibrosis.

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）可能很快就会成为全球终末期肝病的主要病因，但治疗方法却很有限。慢性炎症和肝星状细胞（HSC）活化导致的肝纤维化严重影响了非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者的发病率和死亡率。丙酮酸激酶M2（PKM2）参与了免疫激活和炎症性肝病；然而，它在与NASH相关的肝纤维化中的作用和治疗潜力在很大程度上仍未得到探索。对人类和鼠类 NASH 肝脏进行的生物信息学筛选和分析表明，在纤维化 NASH 患者的肝脏中，PKM2 在非实质细胞（NPC），尤其是巨噬细胞中上调。在蛋氨酸和胆碱缺乏（MCD）饮食、高脂高胆固醇（HFHC）饮食和西式饮食加每周注射四氯化碳（WD/CCl4）诱导的三种不同的NASH模型中，巨噬细胞特异性PKM2基因敲除（PKM2FL/FLLysM-Cre）能显著改善肝脏炎症和纤维化的严重程度。单细胞转录组分析表明，巨噬细胞中PKM2的缺失减少了Ly6Chigh巨噬细胞的浸润。从机制上讲，PKM2依赖性糖酵解促进了促炎巨噬细胞中NLR家族含吡咯啉结构域3（NLRP3）的活化，从而诱导了造血干细胞的活化和纤维化。一种药理 PKM2 激动剂能有效减轻巨噬细胞和造血干细胞之间在体外和体内的损伤性串联。胆固醇共轭杂合双寡核苷酸是一种新型寡核苷酸药物，可优先在肝脏中蓄积，它可通过剂量依赖性地逆转与 NASH 相关的纤维化，且不会引起明显的肝毒性。本研究强调了巨噬细胞PKM2在推进NASH纤维化过程中的关键作用。因此，以巨噬细胞特异性或肝脏特异性的方式对PKM2进行治疗调节可能会成为抗击NASH相关纤维化的一种新策略。

{"title":"Therapeutic Targeting of PKM2 Ameliorates NASH Fibrosis Progression in a Macrophage-Specific and Liver-Specific Manner","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may soon become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease worldwide with limited treatment options. Liver fibrosis, which is driven by chronic inflammation and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, critically determines morbidity and mortality in patients with NASH. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is involved in immune activation and inflammatory liver diseases; however, its role and therapeutic potential in NASH-related fibrosis remain largely unexplored. Bioinformatics screening and analysis of human and murine NASH livers indicated that PKM2 was upregulated in nonparenchymal cells (NPCs), especially macrophages, in the livers of patients with fibrotic NASH. Macrophage-specific PKM2 knockout (<em>PKM2<sup>FL/FL</sup>LysM-Cre</em>) significantly ameliorated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis severity in three distinct NASH models induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet, and a western diet plus weekly carbon tetrachloride injection (WD/CCl<sub>4</sub>). Single-cell transcriptomic analysis indicated that deletion of PKM2 in macrophages reduced profibrotic Ly6C<sup>high</sup> macrophage infiltration. Mechanistically, PKM2-dependent glycolysis promoted NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation in proinflammatory macrophages, which induced HSC activation and fibrogenesis. A pharmacological PKM2 agonist efficiently attenuated the profibrotic crosstalk between macrophages and HSCs <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Translationally, ablation of PKM2 in NPCs by cholesterol-conjugated heteroduplex oligonucleotides, a novel oligonucleotide drug that preferentially accumulates in the liver, dose-dependently reversed NASH-related fibrosis without causing observable hepatotoxicity. The present study highlights the pivotal role of macrophage PKM2 in advancing NASH fibrogenesis. Thus, therapeutic modulation of PKM2 in a macrophage-specific or liver-specific manner may serve as a novel strategy to combat NASH-related fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141130875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovations Not Enough—Yet—to Make Headset Market an Actual Reality 创新还不足以让耳机市场成为现实

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.011

引用次数: 0

Direct Ethylene Purification from Cracking Gas via a Metal–Organic Framework Through Pore Geometry Fitting 通过孔几何拟合金属有机框架从裂解气中直接提纯乙烯

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.024

The direct one-step separation of polymer-grade C₂H₄ from complex light hydrocarbon mixtures has high industrial significance but is very challenging. Herein, an ethylene-adsorption-weakening strategy is applied for precise regulation of the pore geometry of four tailor-made metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with pillar-layered structures, dubbed TYUT-10/11/12/13. Based on its pore geometry design and functional group regulation, TYUT-12 exhibits exceptional selective adsorption selectivity toward C₃H₈, C₃H₆, C₂H₆, C₂H₂, and CO₂ over C₂H₄; its C₂H₆/C₂H₄ adsorption selectivity reaches 4.56, surpassing the record value of 4.4 by Fe₂(O₂)(dobdc) (dobdc⁴⁻ = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate). The weak π–π stacking binding affinity toward C₂H₄ in TYUT-12 is clearly demonstrated through a combination of neutron powder diffraction measurements and theoretical calculations. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that C₂H₄ can be directly obtained from binary, ternary, quaternary, and six-component light hydrocarbon mixtures with over 99.95% purity.

从复杂的轻烃混合物中一步直接分离出聚合物级 C2H4 具有重要的工业意义，但却非常具有挑战性。本文采用乙烯吸附弱化策略精确调节了四种具有柱层结构的定制金属有机框架（MOFs）（命名为 TYUT-10/11/12/13）的孔几何形状。基于其孔隙几何设计和官能团调节，TYUT-12 对 C3H8、C3H6、C2H6、C2H2 和 CO2 的吸附选择性超过了 C2H4；其对 C2H6/C2H4 的吸附选择性达到了 4.56，超过了 Fe2(O2)(dobdc)（dobdc4- = 2,5-二氧代-1,4-苯二甲酸酯）的 4.4 记录值。中子粉末衍射测量和理论计算相结合，清楚地证明了 TYUT-12 中 C2H4 的弱π-π 堆积结合亲和力。突破性实验证明，可以直接从二元、三元、四元和六元轻烃混合物中获得 C2H4，纯度超过 99.95%。

{"title":"Direct Ethylene Purification from Cracking Gas via a Metal–Organic Framework Through Pore Geometry Fitting","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The direct one-step separation of polymer-grade C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> from complex light hydrocarbon mixtures has high industrial significance but is very challenging. Herein, an ethylene-adsorption-weakening strategy is applied for precise regulation of the pore geometry of four tailor-made metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with pillar-layered structures, dubbed TYUT-10/11/12/13. Based on its pore geometry design and functional group regulation, TYUT-12 exhibits exceptional selective adsorption selectivity toward C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub> over C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>; its C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> adsorption selectivity reaches 4.56, surpassing the record value of 4.4 by Fe<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>)(dobdc) (dobdc<sup>4−</sup> = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate). The weak π–π stacking binding affinity toward C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> in TYUT-12 is clearly demonstrated through a combination of neutron powder diffraction measurements and theoretical calculations. Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> can be directly obtained from binary, ternary, quaternary, and six-component light hydrocarbon mixtures with over 99.95% purity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140271310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Future of Environmental Engineering Technology: A Disruptive Innovation Perspective 环境工程技术的未来：颠覆性创新视角

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.009

Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies. However, few researchers have evaluated the current status and future trends of technologies. This paper summarizes the current research status in eight major subfields of environmental engineering—water treatment, air pollution control, soil/solid waste management, environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering equipment, emerging contaminants, synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions, and environmental risk and intelligent management—based on bibliometric analysis and future trends in greenization, low carbonization, and intelligentization. Disruptive technologies are further identified based on discontinuous transformation, and ten such technologies are proposed, covering general and specific fields, technical links, and value sources. Additionally, the background and key innovations in disruptive technologies are elucidated in detail. This study not only provides a scientific basis for strategic decision-making, planning, and implementation in the environmental engineering field but also offers methodological guidance for the research and determination of breakthrough technologies in other areas.

科技革命和产业变革加快了环境工程技术的创新速度。然而，很少有研究人员对技术的现状和未来趋势进行评估。本文基于文献计量学分析和绿色化、低碳化、智能化的未来发展趋势，总结了环境工程八大子领域--水处理、大气污染控制、土壤/固体废弃物管理、环境生物技术、环境工程装备、新兴污染物、污染与碳排放协同减排、环境风险与智能管理的研究现状。根据非连续性转化，进一步确定了颠覆性技术，并提出了十项此类技术，涵盖一般和特定领域、技术环节和价值来源。此外，还详细阐释了颠覆性技术的背景和关键创新点。这项研究不仅为环境工程领域的战略决策、规划和实施提供了科学依据，也为其他领域研究和确定突破性技术提供了方法论指导。

{"title":"The Future of Environmental Engineering Technology: A Disruptive Innovation Perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies. However, few researchers have evaluated the current status and future trends of technologies. This paper summarizes the current research status in eight major subfields of environmental engineering—water treatment, air pollution control, soil/solid waste management, environmental biotechnology, environmental engineering equipment, emerging contaminants, synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions, and environmental risk and intelligent management—based on bibliometric analysis and future trends in greenization, low carbonization, and intelligentization. Disruptive technologies are further identified based on discontinuous transformation, and ten such technologies are proposed, covering general and specific fields, technical links, and value sources. Additionally, the background and key innovations in disruptive technologies are elucidated in detail. This study not only provides a scientific basis for strategic decision-making, planning, and implementation in the environmental engineering field but also offers methodological guidance for the research and determination of breakthrough technologies in other areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects for New Types of Aerial Robots 新型空中机器人的现状、挑战和前景

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.008

New types of aerial robots (NTARs) have found extensive applications in the military, civilian contexts, scientific research, disaster management, and various other domains. Compared with traditional aerial robots, NTARs exhibit a broader range of morphological diversity, locomotion capabilities, and enhanced operational capacities. Therefore, this study defines aerial robots with the four characteristics of morphability, biomimicry, multi-modal locomotion, and manipulator attachment as NTARs. Subsequently, this paper discusses the latest research progress in the materials and manufacturing technology, actuation technology, and perception and control technology of NTARs. Thereafter, the research status of NTAR systems is summarized, focusing on the frontier development and application cases of flapping-wing micro-air vehicles, perching aerial robots, amphibious robots, and operational aerial robots. Finally, the main challenges presented by NTARs in terms of energy, materials, and perception are analyzed, and the future development trends of NTARs are summarized in terms of size and endurance, mechatronics, and complex scenarios, providing a reference direction for the follow-up exploration of NTARs.

新型空中机器人（NTARs）已在军事、民用、科研、灾害管理和其他各个领域得到广泛应用。与传统的空中机器人相比，NTARs 表现出更广泛的形态多样性、运动能力和更强的操作能力。因此，本研究将具有可变形性、生物仿生性、多模式运动性和机械手附着性四个特征的空中机器人定义为 NTAR。随后，本文讨论了 NTAR 在材料与制造技术、执行技术以及感知与控制技术方面的最新研究进展。随后，本文总结了 NTAR 系统的研究现状，重点介绍了拍翼式微型飞行器、栖息式空中机器人、水陆两栖机器人和作业型空中机器人的前沿发展和应用案例。最后，分析了NTAR在能源、材料、感知等方面面临的主要挑战，并从尺寸与续航、机电一体化、复杂场景等方面总结了NTAR的未来发展趋势，为NTAR的后续探索提供了参考方向。

{"title":"Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects for New Types of Aerial Robots","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New types of aerial robots (NTARs) have found extensive applications in the military, civilian contexts, scientific research, disaster management, and various other domains. Compared with traditional aerial robots, NTARs exhibit a broader range of morphological diversity, locomotion capabilities, and enhanced operational capacities. Therefore, this study defines aerial robots with the four characteristics of morphability, biomimicry, multi-modal locomotion, and manipulator attachment as NTARs. Subsequently, this paper discusses the latest research progress in the materials and manufacturing technology, actuation technology, and perception and control technology of NTARs. Thereafter, the research status of NTAR systems is summarized, focusing on the frontier development and application cases of flapping-wing micro-air vehicles, perching aerial robots, amphibious robots, and operational aerial robots. Finally, the main challenges presented by NTARs in terms of energy, materials, and perception are analyzed, and the future development trends of NTARs are summarized in terms of size and endurance, mechatronics, and complex scenarios, providing a reference direction for the follow-up exploration of NTARs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the Resilience of Urban Rail Transit: Concepts, Reviews, and Trends 了解城市轨道交通的复原力：概念、评论和趋势

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.022

As the scale of urban rail transit (URT) networks expands, the study of URT resilience is essential for safe and efficient operations. This paper presents a comprehensive review of URT resilience and highlights potential trends and directions for future research. First, URT resilience is defined by three primary abilities: absorption, resistance, and recovery, and four properties: robustness, vulnerability, rapidity, and redundancy. Then, the metrics and assessment approaches for URT resilience were summarized. The metrics are divided into three categories: topology-based, characteristic-based, and performance-based, and the assessment methods are divided into four categories: topological, simulation, optimization, and data-driven. Comparisons of various metrics and assessment approaches revealed that the current research trend in URT resilience is increasingly favoring the integration of traditional methods, such as conventional complex network analysis and operations optimization theory, with new techniques like big data and intelligent computing technology, to accurately assess URT resilience. Finally, five potential trends and directions for future research were identified: analyzing resilience based on multisource data, optimizing train diagram in multiple scenarios, accurate response to passenger demand through new technologies, coupling and optimizing passenger and traffic flows, and optimal line design.

随着城市轨道交通（URT）网络规模的扩大，对城市轨道交通复原力的研究对于安全高效的运营至关重要。本文全面回顾了城市轨道交通的抗灾能力，并强调了未来研究的潜在趋势和方向。首先，城市轨道交通的复原力由三种主要能力（吸收、抵抗和恢复）和四种特性（稳健性、脆弱性、快速性和冗余性）定义。然后，总结了 URT 复原力的衡量标准和评估方法。指标分为三类：基于拓扑、基于特征和基于性能；评估方法分为四类：拓扑、模拟、优化和数据驱动。通过对各种指标和评估方法的比较发现，当前城市轨道交通弹性的研究趋势越来越倾向于将传统的复杂网络分析、运筹优化理论等传统方法与大数据、智能计算技术等新技术相结合，以准确评估城市轨道交通的弹性。最后，确定了未来研究的五大潜在趋势和方向：基于多源数据的弹性分析、多场景下的列车图优化、通过新技术准确响应乘客需求、客流与车流的耦合与优化、优化线路设计。

{"title":"Understanding the Resilience of Urban Rail Transit: Concepts, Reviews, and Trends","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2024.01.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the scale of urban rail transit (URT) networks expands, the study of URT resilience is essential for safe and efficient operations. This paper presents a comprehensive review of URT resilience and highlights potential trends and directions for future research. First, URT resilience is defined by three primary abilities: absorption, resistance, and recovery, and four properties: robustness, vulnerability, rapidity, and redundancy. Then, the metrics and assessment approaches for URT resilience were summarized. The metrics are divided into three categories: topology-based, characteristic-based, and performance-based, and the assessment methods are divided into four categories: topological, simulation, optimization, and data-driven. Comparisons of various metrics and assessment approaches revealed that the current research trend in URT resilience is increasingly favoring the integration of traditional methods, such as conventional complex network analysis and operations optimization theory, with new techniques like big data and intelligent computing technology, to accurately assess URT resilience. Finally, five potential trends and directions for future research were identified: analyzing resilience based on multisource data, optimizing train diagram in multiple scenarios, accurate response to passenger demand through new technologies, coupling and optimizing passenger and traffic flows, and optimal line design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140181975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utilization of Bubbles and Oil for Microplastic Capture from Water 利用气泡和油从水中捕捉微塑料

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.021

The removal of microplastics (MPs) from water using oil has shown early promise; however, incorporation of this technique into a feasible in situ method has yet to be developed. Here, a simple yet effective method of MP capture from water using vegetable oil with bubbles is demonstrated to achieve high removal efficiencies of > 98%. Comparisons are made with other methods of agitation, and higher removal efficiencies are observed when bubbles are used. Due to the low agitation provided by the bubbles, the oil layer remains unbroken, meaning that no oil is released into the bulk water phase. In this way, secondary contamination is avoided—unlike membrane filtration, another effective removal method, in which polymer-based membranes can break down due to chemical backwashing and ageing. It is demonstrated that variation in MP size within the micrometer range (50–170 μm) has minor impact on the removal efficiency; however, 100% removal is achieved for larger, millimeter-sized MPs (500–5000 μm). Similarly, a high removal efficiency of greater than 99% is achieved in the capture of microfibers. Other factors such as oil volume and water salinity are also investigated and discussed. Based on these results, the proposed method can be introduced into multiple setting types as a passive and continuous method of MP capture.

利用油类去除水中的微塑料（MPs）已初见成效；然而，将这一技术融入可行的现场方法仍有待开发。本文展示了一种简单而有效的方法，即利用带有气泡的植物油从水中捕捉微塑料，其去除率高达 98%。与其他搅拌方法相比，使用气泡的去除率更高。由于气泡的搅拌作用较小，油层不会被破坏，这意味着不会有油释放到散装水相中。这样就避免了二次污染--这与膜过滤（另一种有效的去除方法）不同，在膜过滤中，基于聚合物的膜会因化学反冲洗和老化而损坏。研究表明，微米级（50-170 μm）的 MP 尺寸变化对去除效率的影响较小；但对于较大的毫米级 MP（500-5000 μm），去除率可达 100%。同样，在捕获微纤维时也能达到 99% 以上的高去除率。此外，还对油量和水盐度等其他因素进行了研究和讨论。基于这些结果，所提出的方法可以作为一种被动和连续的 MP 捕获方法，被引入到多种环境类型中。

{"title":"Utilization of Bubbles and Oil for Microplastic Capture from Water","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The removal of microplastics (MPs) from water using oil has shown early promise; however, incorporation of this technique into a feasible <em>in situ</em> method has yet to be developed. Here, a simple yet effective method of MP capture from water using vegetable oil with bubbles is demonstrated to achieve high removal efficiencies of > 98%. Comparisons are made with other methods of agitation, and higher removal efficiencies are observed when bubbles are used. Due to the low agitation provided by the bubbles, the oil layer remains unbroken, meaning that no oil is released into the bulk water phase. In this way, secondary contamination is avoided—unlike membrane filtration, another effective removal method, in which polymer-based membranes can break down due to chemical backwashing and ageing. It is demonstrated that variation in MP size within the micrometer range (50–170 μm) has minor impact on the removal efficiency; however, 100% removal is achieved for larger, millimeter-sized MPs (500–5000 μm). Similarly, a high removal efficiency of greater than 99% is achieved in the capture of microfibers. Other factors such as oil volume and water salinity are also investigated and discussed. Based on these results, the proposed method can be introduced into multiple setting types as a passive and continuous method of MP capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11783,"journal":{"name":"Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140767776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engineering最新文献