IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.05.010

Ya Gao , Peng Yin , Haidong Kan , Renjie Chen , Maigeng Zhou

Stock volatility constitutes an adverse psychological stressor, but few large-scale studies have focused on its impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and suicide. Here, we conducted an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study to explore the association of daily stock volatility (daily returns and intra-daily oscillations for three kinds of stock indices) with MACEs and suicide among more than 12 million individual decedents from all counties in the mainland of China between 2013 and 2019. For daily stock returns, both stock increases and decreases were associated with increased mortality risks of all MACEs and suicide. There were consistent and positive associations between intra-daily stock oscillations and mortality due to MACEs and suicide. The excess mortality risks occurred at the current day (lag 0 d), persisted for two days, and were greatest for suicide and hemorrhagic stroke. Taking the present-day Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index as an example, a 1% decrease in daily returns was associated with 0.74%–1.04% and 1.77% increases in mortality risks of MACEs and suicide, respectively; the corresponding risk increments were 0.57%–0.85% and 0.92% for a 1% increase in daily returns and 0.67%–0.77% and 1.09% for a 1% increase in intra-daily stock oscillations. The excess risks were more pronounced among individuals aged 65–74 years, males, and those with lower education levels. Our findings revealed considerable health risks linked to sociopsychological stressors, which are helpful for the government and general public to mitigate the immediate cardiovascular and mental health risks associated with stock market volatility.

股票波动是一种不利的心理压力源，但很少有大规模研究关注其对重大不良心血管事件（MACE）和自杀的影响。在此，我们开展了一项个体水平的时间分层病例交叉研究，探讨了2013年至2019年间中国大陆所有县域的1200多万个体死者中，股票日波动（三种股票指数的日收益率和日内振荡）与MACEs和自杀的关系。就股票日收益率而言，股票涨跌均与所有MACEs和自杀的死亡风险增加相关。日内股票振荡与MACEs和自杀死亡率之间存在一致的正相关。超额死亡风险发生在当日（滞后 0 d），持续两天，自杀和出血性脑卒中的超额死亡风险最大。以当日沪深300指数为例，日收益率每下降1%，MACEs和自杀的死亡风险分别增加0.74%-1.04%和1.77%；日收益率每增加1%，相应的风险分别增加0.57%-0.85%和0.92%；日内股票振荡每增加1%，相应的风险分别增加0.67%-0.77%和1.09%。超额风险在 65-74 岁、男性和教育水平较低的人群中更为明显。我们的研究结果表明，相当大的健康风险与社会心理压力有关，这有助于政府和公众减轻股市波动带来的直接心血管和心理健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

Development of an Engineered Sugar Aminotransferase with Simultaneously Improved Stability and Non-Natural Substrate Activity to Synthesize the Glucosidase Inhibitor Valienamine 开发具有同时改善稳定性和非天然底物活性的工程糖氨基转移酶，以合成葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂缬烯胺

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.026

Runxi Wang , Lu Qiao , Mufei Liu , Yanpeng Ran, Jun Wang, Wupeng Yan, Yan Feng, Li Cui

Sugar aminotransferases (SATs) catalyze the installation of chiral amines onto specific keto sugars, producing bioactive amino sugars. Their activity has been utilized in artificial reactions, such as using the SAT WecE to transform valienone into the valuable α-glucosidase inhibitor valienamine. However, the low thermostability and limited activity on non-natural substrates have hindered their applications. Simultaneously improving stability and enzyme activity is particularly challenging owing to the acknowledged inherent trade-off between stability and activity. A customized combinatorial active-site saturation test–iterative saturation mutagenesis (CAST-ISM) strategy was used to simultaneously enhance the stability and activity of WecE toward valienone. Fourteen hotspots related to improving the stability–activity trade-off were identified based on evolutionary conservation and the average mutation folding energy assessment of 57 residues in the active site of WecE. Positive mutagenesis and combinatorial mutations of these specific residues were accomplished via site-directed saturation mutagenesis (SSM) and iterative evolution cycles. Compared with those of the wild-type (WT) WecE, the quadruple mutant M4 (Y321F/K209F/V318R/F319V) displayed a 641.49-fold increase in half-life (t_1/2) at 40 °C and a 31.37-fold increase in activity toward the non-natural substrate valienone. The triple mutant M3 (Y321F/K209F/V318R) demonstrated an 83.04-fold increase in (t_1/2) at 40 °C and a 37.77-fold increase in activity toward valienone. The underlying mechanism was dependent on the strengthened interface interactions and shortened transamination reaction catalytic distance, compared with those of the WT, which improved the stability and activity of the obtained mutants. Thus, we accomplished a general target-oriented strategy for obtaining stable and highly active SATs for artificial amino-sugar biosynthesis applications.

糖胺转移酶（SAT）可催化手性胺与特定酮糖的结合，产生具有生物活性的氨基糖。它们的活性已被用于人工反应，例如利用 SAT WecE 将缬烯酮转化为有价值的 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂缬烯胺。然而，由于其热稳定性低，对非天然底物的活性有限，阻碍了它们的应用。由于稳定性和活性之间存在公认的固有权衡，因此同时提高稳定性和酶活性尤其具有挑战性。为了同时提高 WecE 对缬烯酮的稳定性和活性，我们采用了一种定制的组合活性位点饱和试验-迭代饱和诱变（CAST-ISM）策略。根据对 WecE 活性位点 57 个残基的进化保护和平均突变折叠能评估，确定了 14 个与提高稳定性和活性权衡有关的热点。通过定点饱和诱变（SSM）和迭代进化循环完成了这些特定残基的正突变和组合突变。与野生型（WT）WecE 相比，四重突变体 M4（Y321F/K209F/V318R/F319V）在 40 °C 时的半衰期（t1/2）延长了 641.49 倍，对非天然底物缬烯酮的活性提高了 31.37 倍。三重突变体 M3（Y321F/K209F/V318R）在 40 °C 时的半衰期（t1/2）延长了 83.04 倍，对缬烯酮的活性提高了 37.77 倍。与 WT 相比，突变体的界面相互作用增强，转氨酶反应催化距离缩短，从而提高了突变体的稳定性和活性。因此，我们完成了一种以目标为导向的通用策略，为人工氨基酸生物合成应用获得了稳定和高活性的 SATs。

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引用次数: 0

Skin Rejuvenation in Aged Mice by Fecal Transplantation Microbiota from Young Mice Feces 年轻小鼠粪便中的微生物群通过粪便移植使老年小鼠皮肤年轻化

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.005

Shoujuan Yu , Ziyang Li , Xiaoxu Zhang , Qi Zhang , Liwei Zhang , Liang Zhao , Ping Liu , Jie Guo , Juan Chen , Chengying Zhang , Xinjuan Liu , Mengyang Yu , Dekui Jin , Xiaofeng Wang , Guang Li , Yan Cao , Fazheng Ren , Ran Wang

Skin aging is an increasingly prominent topic in the context of healthy aging. During the aging process, the skin’s barrier function diminishes, its water content decreases, wrinkles begin to form, and changes occur in the gut microbiota composition. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and skin aging remains unclear. In this study, we explored skin rejuvenation in aged mice through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using feces from young mice. The results demonstrated enhanced water retention, thickened stratum corneum, increased collagen content, and improved epithelial cell differentiation in aged mice following FMT. Notably, FMT particularly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus in aged mice, which were nearly undetectable in untreated aged mice. Non-targeted and targeted metabolomics analyses indicated that FMT significantly elevated levels of tryptophan (Trp) and its microbiota metabolites (e.g., indole-3-lactic acid (ILA)) in the feces and serum of aged mice. Both Trp and ILA appeared to rejuvenate aged skin by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to promote epidermal cell differentiation. In conclusion, FMT from young mice rejuvenated aged skin via Trp-metabolizing bacteria (Lactobacillus and Lactococcus) and Trp-derived metabolites, suggesting that interventions targeting Trp metabolites may effectively improve skin aging.

在健康老龄化的背景下，皮肤老化是一个日益突出的话题。在衰老过程中，皮肤的屏障功能会减弱，含水量会降低，皱纹开始形成，肠道微生物群的组成也会发生变化。然而，肠道微生物群与皮肤老化之间的关系仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们利用年轻小鼠的粪便，通过粪便微生物群移植（FMT）探索了老年小鼠的皮肤年轻化。研究结果表明，粪便微生物群移植后，老年小鼠的保水性增强，角质层增厚，胶原蛋白含量增加，上皮细胞分化改善。值得注意的是，FMT 特别增加了老年小鼠体内乳酸杆菌和乳球菌的丰度，而未经处理的老年小鼠体内几乎检测不到这两种菌。非靶向和靶向代谢组学分析表明，FMT 显著提高了老年小鼠粪便和血清中色氨酸（Trp）及其微生物群代谢物（如吲哚-3-乳酸（ILA））的水平。Trp和ILA似乎都能激活芳基烃受体（AhR），促进表皮细胞分化，从而使衰老的皮肤恢复青春。总之，年轻小鼠的FMT通过Trp代谢细菌（乳酸杆菌和乳球菌）和Trp衍生代谢物使衰老皮肤恢复活力，这表明针对Trp代谢物的干预措施可有效改善皮肤衰老。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the Oldest Industrial Shale Gas Reservoir: Insights for the Enrichment Pattern and Exploration Direction of Lower Cambrian Shale Gas in the Sichuan Basin 揭开最古老工业页岩气藏的面纱：对四川盆地下寒武统页岩气富集模式和勘探方向的启示

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.03.007

Caineng Zou , Zhengfu Zhao , Songqi Pan , Jia Yin , Guanwen Lu , Fangliang Fu , Ming Yuan , Hanlin Liu , Guosheng Zhang , Cui Luo , Wei Wang , Zhenhua Jing

The lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi (Є₁q) shale in the Sichuan Basin, formerly considered a source rock, recently achieved high gas production (7.388 × 10⁵ m³·d⁻¹) from well Z201 in the Deyang–Anyue rift trough (DART), marking an exploration breakthrough of the world’s oldest industrial shale gas reservoir. However, the shale gas enrichment mechanism within the DART is not fully understood. This study reviews the formation of the Qiongzhusi shale gas reservoirs within the DART by comparing them with cotemporaneous deposits outside the DART, and several findings are presented. The gas production interval was correlated with the main phase of the Cambrian explosion (lower Cambrian stage 3). In the early Cambrian ecosystem, dominant animals likely accelerated the settling rates of organic matter (OM) in the upper 1st member of Є₁q (Є₁q1₂) by feeding on small planktonic organisms and producing larger organic fragments and fecal pellets. High primary productivity and euxinic conditions contributed to OM enrichment in the lower 1st member of Є₁q (Є₁q1₁). Additionally, shale reservoirs inside the DART demonstrated better properties than those outside in terms of thickness, brittle minerals, gas content, and porosity. In particular, the abundant OM pores inside the DART facilitated shale gas enrichment, whereas the higher thermal maturity of the shales outside the DART possibly led to the graphitization and collapse of some OM pores. Meanwhile, the overpressure of high-production wells inside the DART generally reflects better shale gas preservation, benefiting from the shale’s self-sealing nature, “upper capping and lower plugging” configuration, and limited faults and microfractures. Considering these insights, we introduced a “ternary enrichment” model for the Qiongzhusi shale gas. Although the current high gas production of Z201 was found at the reservoir 3, two additional reservoirs were identified with significant potential, thus suggesting a “multilayer stereoscopic development” strategy in future shale gas exploration within the DART.

四川盆地下寒武统琼珠寺（Є1q）页岩以前被认为是气源岩，最近德阳-安岳断裂槽（DART）Z201井实现了高产气（7.388 × 105 m3-d-1），标志着世界上最古老的工业页岩气藏取得了勘探突破。然而，DART 内的页岩气富集机制尚未完全明了。本研究通过将 DART 内的琼珠寺页岩气藏与 DART 外的同时期矿床进行对比，回顾了 DART 内页岩气藏的形成过程，并提出了一些发现。产气期与寒武纪大爆发的主要阶段（下寒武统第三期）相关。在寒武纪早期的生态系统中，优势动物很可能通过捕食小型浮游生物并产生较大的有机碎屑和粪便颗粒，加快了Є1q（Є1q12）上部第 1 个成员中有机物（OM）的沉降速度。高初级生产力和优氧条件导致Є1q（Є1q11）下部第 1 个成员的有机质富集。此外，DART 区域内的页岩储层在厚度、脆性矿物、含气量和孔隙度方面都比区域外的页岩储层具有更好的特性。特别是，DART 内部丰富的 OM 孔隙促进了页岩气的富集，而 DART 外部页岩较高的热成熟度可能导致部分 OM 孔隙石墨化和坍塌。同时，得益于页岩的自封性、"上封下堵 "构造以及有限的断层和微裂缝，DART内部高产井的超压一般反映了页岩气保存较好。考虑到这些因素，我们为琼珠寺页岩气引入了 "三元富集 "模型。虽然目前 Z201 的高产气层位于 3 号储层，但我们还发现了另外两个潜力巨大的储层，因此建议在未来 DART 地区的页岩气勘探中采用 "多层立体开发 "战略。

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引用次数: 0

Modifiers of the Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 维生素 D 补充剂对心脏代谢风险因素影响的调节因素：系统回顾与元分析

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.07.010

Peng An , Sitong Wan , Langrun Wang , Tiancheng Xu , Teng Xu , Yonghui Wang , Jin Liu , Keji Li , Xifan Wang , Jingjing He , Simin Liu

The inconsistent findings concerning the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and the large heterogeneity in the published literature call for further research to identify sources of heterogeneity and potential effect modifiers. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until March 2024 that reported estimates for the effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic factors and relevant baseline covariates of RCT participants. A total of 17 656 participants from 99 RCTs were analyzed, and weighted mean differences (95% confidence intervals (CI)) for the intervention status were derived using random-effects modeling. Overall, compared with the placebo, vitamin D supplementation (median dose: 3320 international unit (IU)·day⁻¹; range 40–120 000 IU·day⁻¹) had favorable effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP; −2.04 (95% CI, −3.50, −0.59) mmHg; 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; −3.00 (95% CI, −3.61, −2.39) mmHg), total cholesterol (TC; −0.12 (95% CI, −0.21, −0.03) mmol·L⁻¹), fasting blood glucose (FBG; −0.13 (95% CI, −0.20, −0.05) mmol·L⁻¹), hemoglobin A1C (A1C; −0.09% (95% CI, −0.13%, −0.05%)), and fasting blood insulin (FBI: −7.61 (95% CI, −11.93, −3.30) pmol·L⁻¹). The benefits of vitamin D were most evident in trials performed in non-Westerners, participants with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) lower than 15.0 ng·mL⁻¹, non-obese (body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg·m⁻²), and older (age ≥ 50 years). The findings of this study underscore the need for personalized vitamin D intervention strategies that comprehensively account for individual patient characteristics (such as ethnocultural background, age, BMI, and circulating 25[OH]D level), intervention dosage, and intervention duration to optimize cardiometabolic health outcomes.

关于补充维生素 D 对心脏代谢风险因素影响的研究结果并不一致，而且已发表的文献中存在很大的异质性，因此需要进一步研究以确定异质性的来源和潜在的效应调节因素。我们对 2024 年 3 月之前发表的随机对照试验（RCT）进行了一项荟萃分析，这些试验报告了维生素 D 补充剂对心脏代谢因素和 RCT 参与者相关基线协变量影响的估计值。我们对 99 项 RCT 中的 17 656 名参与者进行了分析，并使用随机效应模型得出了干预状态的加权平均差（95% 置信区间 (CI)）。总体而言，与安慰剂相比，维生素 D 补充剂（中位剂量：3320 国际单位 (IU)-天-1；范围 40-120 000 IU-天-1）对收缩压 (SBP; -2.04 (95% CI, -3.50, -0.59) mmHg; 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa)、舒张压 (DBP; -3.00（95% CI，-3.61，-2.39）mmHg）、总胆固醇（TC；-0.12（95% CI，-0.21，-0.03）mmol-L-1）、空腹血糖（FBG；-0.13（95% CI，-0.20，-0.05）mmol-L-1）、血红蛋白 A1C（A1C；-0.09%（95% CI，-0.13%，-0.05%））和空腹血胰岛素（FBI：-7.61（95% CI，-11.93，-3.30）pmol-L-1）。维生素 D 的益处在非西方人、基线 25- 羟基维生素 D (25[OH]D) 低于 15.0 ng-mL-1、非肥胖（体重指数 (BMI) < 30 kg-m-2）和年龄较大（年龄≥ 50 岁）的试验中最为明显。这项研究的结果表明，需要制定个性化的维生素 D 干预策略，全面考虑患者的个体特征（如种族文化背景、年龄、体重指数和循环 25[OH]D 水平）、干预剂量和干预持续时间，以优化心脏代谢健康结果。

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引用次数: 0

Robust Platoon Control of Mixed Autonomous and Human-Driven Vehicles for Obstacle Collision Avoidance: A Cooperative Sensing-Based Adaptive Model Predictive Control Approach 用于避障的自主与人力混合车辆的鲁棒排布控制：基于合作传感的自适应模型预测控制方法

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.015

Daxin Tian , Jianshan Zhou , Xu Han , Ping Lang

Obstacle detection and platoon control for mixed traffic flows, comprising human-driven vehicles (HDVs) and connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), face challenges from uncertain disturbances, such as sensor faults, inaccurate driver operations, and mismatched model errors. Furthermore, misleading sensing information or malicious attacks in vehicular wireless networks can jeopardize CAVs’ perception and platoon safety. In this paper, we develop a two-dimensional robust control method for a mixed platoon, including a single leading CAV and multiple following HDVs that incorporate robust information sensing and platoon control. To effectively detect and locate unknown obstacles ahead of the leading CAV, we propose a cooperative vehicle–infrastructure sensing scheme and integrate it with an adaptive model predictive control scheme for the leading CAV. This sensing scheme fuses information from multiple nodes while suppressing malicious data from attackers to enhance robustness and attack resilience in a distributed and adaptive manner. Additionally, we propose a distributed car-following control scheme with robustness to guarantee the following HDVs, considering uncertain disturbances. We also provide theoretical proof of the string stability under this control framework. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to validate our approach. The simulation results demonstrate that our method can effectively filter out misleading sensing information from malicious attackers, significantly reduce the mean-square deviation in obstacle sensing, and approach the theoretical error lower bound. Moreover, the proposed control method successfully achieves obstacle avoidance for the mixed platoon while ensuring stability and robustness in the face of external attacks and uncertain disturbances.

由人类驾驶车辆（HDVs）和互联与自动驾驶车辆（CAVs）组成的混合交通流的障碍检测和排队控制面临着不确定干扰带来的挑战，如传感器故障、不准确的驾驶员操作和不匹配的模型错误。此外，车载无线网络中误导性的传感信息或恶意攻击也会危及 CAV 的感知和排队安全。在本文中，我们开发了一种混合排的二维鲁棒控制方法，包括单个领先 CAV 和多个跟随 HDV，该方法结合了鲁棒信息感知和排控制。为了有效探测和定位前导 CAV 前方的未知障碍物，我们提出了一种车辆-基础设施合作感知方案，并将其与前导 CAV 的自适应模型预测控制方案相结合。这种感知方案融合了来自多个节点的信息，同时抑制了来自攻击者的恶意数据，从而以分布式和自适应的方式增强了鲁棒性和抗攻击能力。此外，我们还提出了一种具有鲁棒性的分布式汽车跟随控制方案，以保证在考虑不确定干扰的情况下跟随 HDV。我们还从理论上证明了该控制框架下的串稳定性。最后，我们进行了大量仿真来验证我们的方法。仿真结果表明，我们的方法能有效过滤恶意攻击者的误导性传感信息，显著降低障碍物传感的均方偏差，并接近理论误差下限。此外，所提出的控制方法成功实现了混合排的避障，同时确保了面对外部攻击和不确定干扰时的稳定性和鲁棒性。

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引用次数: 0

Old MacDonald Has a New Animal on the Farm—Insects 老麦克唐纳的农场里多了一种新动物--昆虫

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.007

Chris Palmer

引用次数: 0

A Matthew MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Lamellar Membrane as a Potassium-Sieving Amplifier 作为钾筛分放大器的 Matthew MXene (Ti3C2Tx) 层状膜

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.11.025

Zong Lu , Haoyu Wu , Yanying Wei , Haihui Wang

Transport channels with ultrahigh K⁺ selectivity over other ions play a crucial role for living beings, but constructing ionic channels with promising K⁺ selectivity and permeability remains a challenge. Here, an asymmetric bilayer membrane based on MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x) lamellar channels consisting of a recognition layer (RL) on top of an enhancement layer (EL) exhibits an amazing Matthew effect: amplification of the preferred transport of K⁺, resulting in an excellent K⁺-separation performance. The K⁺ ion is selected by the 1-aza-18-crown-6 ether-modified RL, owing to preferential affinity energy, and then rapidly transported as a hydrated ion through the EL, based on the confinement effect. Other undesired ions such as Na⁺ are hindered from entering the RL by the preferred K⁺ occupation of the crown ether. The MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x)-based Matthew membrane presents high K⁺-permeation rates of 0.1–0.2 mol∙m⁻²∙h⁻¹, with a significant K⁺/Na⁺ selectivity of 5–9. The molecular separation mechanism of the Matthew membrane is investigated deeply to explore the nature of the Matthew amplification effect on K⁺ sieving, where the precise matching of the RL and EL within the membrane governs the fast K⁺ permeation with good selectivity. The asymmetric structure of our Matthew membrane is the key to understanding the biological function of ion channels for precise and fast ion transport, which will guide us in the creation of artificial ion channels or membranes.

与其他离子相比，具有超高 K+ 选择性的传输通道对生物起着至关重要的作用，但构建具有良好 K+ 选择性和渗透性的离子通道仍是一项挑战。在这里，一种基于 MXene（Ti3C2Tx）层状通道的不对称双层膜展示了惊人的马太效应：放大 K+ 的优先传输，从而实现出色的 K+ 分离性能。由于优先亲和能，1-氮杂-18-冠醚-6 改性的 RL 会选择 K+ 离子，然后基于限制效应，K+ 离子会以水合离子的形式通过 EL 快速传输。冠醚的优先 K+占据阻碍了其他不受欢迎的离子（如 Na+）进入 RL。基于 MXene (Ti3C2Tx) 的马修膜具有 0.1-0.2 mol∙m-2∙h-1 的高 K+渗透率，K+/Na+选择性高达 5-9。深入研究了马修膜的分子分离机理，探讨了马修放大效应对 K+ 筛分的本质，即膜内 RL 和 EL 的精确匹配决定了 K+ 的快速渗透和良好的选择性。马修膜的非对称结构是了解离子通道精确快速离子转运的生物学功能的关键，它将指导我们创建人工离子通道或膜。

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引用次数: 0

AI Increasingly Makes the Calls, But Human Referees Still Rule—Mostly 人工智能越来越多地做出判罚，但人类裁判仍是主要裁决者

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.09.005

Mitch Leslie

引用次数: 0

Decreased Amino Acid Transporter LAT2 Is the Main Determinant of Impaired Protein Utilization During Aging 氨基酸转运体 LAT2 减少是衰老过程中蛋白质利用受损的主要决定因素

IF 10.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2024.08.009

Rui Song , Guang Li , Liang Zhao , Lili Qiu , Xiyu Qin , Xiaoxu Zhang , Xiaoxue Liu , Jun Zhou , Mengxiao Hu , Liwei Zhang , Jiaqi Su , Xinjuan Liu , Xiaoyu Wang

As the global demographic shifts toward an aging population, understanding the efficiency of protein utilization in older adults becomes crucial. Our study explores the intricate relationship between protein intake and aging, with a focus on precision nutrition for older people. Through a meta-analysis, we confirm a decline in protein-utilization capacity in older individuals and examine the different contributions of plant and animal protein. In experiments involving mice of different ages, older mice exhibited decreases in the biological utilization of four proteins (casein, beef protein, soy protein, and gluten), particularly casein. In subsequent research, casein was studied as a key protein. A decline in gastric digestion function was observed through peptidomics and the examination of pepsin levels using casein. Nevertheless, this decline did not significantly affect the overall protein digestion during the aging process. The combined application of targeted amino acid metabolomics identified abnormal absorption of amino acids as the underlying cause of decreased protein utilization during aging, particularly emphasizing a reduction in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in older mice. Delving deeper into the proteomics of the intestinal protein digestion and absorption pathway, a reduction of over 60% in large neutral amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2) protein expression was observed in both older humans and aged mice. The reduction in LAT2 protein was found to be a key factor influencing the diminished BCAA availability. Overall, our study establishes the significance of amino acid absorption through LAT2 in protein utilization during aging and offers a new theoretical foundation for improving protein utilization in the older adults.

随着全球人口向老龄化转变，了解老年人利用蛋白质的效率变得至关重要。我们的研究探讨了蛋白质摄入与衰老之间错综复杂的关系，重点关注老年人的精准营养。通过荟萃分析，我们证实了老年人蛋白质利用能力的下降，并研究了植物蛋白和动物蛋白的不同贡献。在涉及不同年龄小鼠的实验中，老年小鼠对四种蛋白质（酪蛋白、牛肉蛋白、大豆蛋白和麸质）的生物利用率都有所下降，尤其是酪蛋白。在随后的研究中，酪蛋白被作为一种关键蛋白质进行研究。通过肽组学和使用酪蛋白检测胃蛋白酶水平，观察到胃消化功能下降。尽管如此，这种下降并没有明显影响衰老过程中蛋白质的整体消化。氨基酸代谢组学的综合应用确定了氨基酸吸收异常是衰老过程中蛋白质利用率下降的根本原因，特别强调了老年小鼠支链氨基酸（BCAAs）的减少。深入研究肠道蛋白质消化和吸收途径的蛋白质组学发现，在老年人和老龄小鼠体内，大中性氨基酸转运体 2 (LAT2) 蛋白表达量减少了 60% 以上。研究发现，LAT2 蛋白的减少是影响 BCAA 可用性降低的一个关键因素。总之，我们的研究证实了在衰老过程中通过 LAT2 吸收氨基酸对蛋白质利用的重要性，并为提高老年人对蛋白质的利用率提供了新的理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering最新文献