The Spatial Scale and Spread of Child Victimization.

IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Journal of Interpersonal Violence Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-20 DOI:10.1177/08862605241245388
Gia Elise Barboza-Salerno, Holly Thurston, Bridget Freisthler
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Abstract

Previous research shows that large, densely populated urban areas have higher rates of child victimization that have persisted over time. However, few investigations have inquired about the processes that produce and sustain hot and cold spots of child victimization. As a result, the mechanisms that produce the observed spatial clustering of child victimization, and hence "why" harms against children tend to cluster in space, remains unknown. Does the likelihood of being a victim of violence in one location depend on a similar event happening in a nearby location within a specified timeframe? Rather, are child victims of violence more likely to reside in suboptimal neighborhood conditions? This paper aims to present an analytical and theoretical framework for distinguishing between these locational (point) processes to determine whether the empirical spatial patterns undergirding child victimization are more reflective of the "spread" via contagion (i.e., dependency) or whether they are produced by neighborhood structural inequality resulting from spatial heterogeneity. To detect spatial dependence, we applied the inhomogeneous K-function to Los Angeles Medical Examiner data on child homicide victim locations while controlling for regional differences in victimization events (i.e., heterogeneity). Our analysis found strong evidence of spatial clustering in child victimization at small spatial scales but inhibition at larger scales. We further found limited support for the spatiotemporal clustering of child victimization indicative of a contagion effect. Overall, our results support the role of neighborhood structural vulnerability in the underlying mechanisms producing patterns of child victimization across Los Angeles County. We conclude by discussing the policy implications for understanding this spatial patterning in geographical context and for developing effective and targeted preventive interventions.

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儿童受害的空间规模和蔓延。
以往的研究表明,人口稠密的大城市地区儿童受害率较高,而且这种现象长期存在。然而,很少有调查探究产生和维持儿童受害热点和冷点的过程。因此,造成所观察到的儿童受害空间集群的机制,以及 "为什么 "对儿童的伤害倾向于在空间上集群,仍然是未知数。在某一地点成为暴力受害者的可能性是否取决于附近地点在特定时间范围内发生的类似事件?相反,暴力受害儿童是否更有可能居住在条件不理想的社区?本文旨在提出一个分析和理论框架,以区分这些定位(点)过程,从而确定儿童受害的实证空间模式是更多地反映了通过传染(即依赖性)进行的 "传播",还是由空间异质性导致的邻里结构不平等造成的。为了检测空间依赖性,我们将非均质 K 函数应用于洛杉矶法医检验的儿童凶杀案受害者地点数据,同时控制受害事件的地区差异(即异质性)。我们的分析发现,有强有力的证据表明,在较小的空间范围内,儿童受害事件具有空间集群性,但在较大的空间范围内,这种集群性受到抑制。我们还发现,儿童受害的时空集群效应对传染效应的支持有限。总体而言,我们的研究结果支持邻里结构脆弱性在洛杉矶县儿童受害模式的基本机制中的作用。最后,我们讨论了在地理背景下理解这种空间模式以及制定有效和有针对性的预防干预措施的政策意义。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
12.00%
发文量
375
期刊介绍: The Journal of Interpersonal Violence is devoted to the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of interpersonal violence. It provides a forum of discussion of the concerns and activities of professionals and researchers working in domestic violence, child sexual abuse, rape and sexual assault, physical child abuse, and violent crime. With its dual focus on victims and victimizers, the journal will publish material that addresses the causes, effects, treatment, and prevention of all types of violence. JIV only publishes reports on individual studies in which the scientific method is applied to the study of some aspect of interpersonal violence. Research may use qualitative or quantitative methods. JIV does not publish reviews of research, individual case studies, or the conceptual analysis of some aspect of interpersonal violence. Outcome data for program or intervention evaluations must include a comparison or control group.
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