Journal of Interpersonal Violence最新文献

One critical area where sexual violence has been underexplored is in the ridesharing industry in the United States, where women drivers frequently must interact with unknown male passengers. Sexual violence against them is categorized as technology-facilitated gender-based violence in the online to offline world, where services such as transportation are ordered through an online app and result in a person-to-person interaction once the driver picks the passenger up. Since ridesharing drivers are mostly independent contractors, they do not have at their disposal traditional legal and strong organizational remedies to address sexual violence; moreover, like all victims of violence, these methods usually can only be accessed after the incident has taken place. Instead, in the moment of sexual violence, they must often utilize informal methods at their disposal, including confrontational and nonconfrontational coping tools. This study uses qualitative content analysis methods on a survey of 32 ridesharing drivers (31 women and 1 nonbinary individual) who described 69 cases of sexual violence. It found that confrontational responses dominated, including the following: verbal opposition sometimes paired with physicality; canceling the ride, threatening to stop the ride, and actually stopping the ride; and threatening to attack the perpetrator, actually attacking the perpetrator, and threatening to involve the police. Less common nonconfrontational responses included emotional reactions; other strategies in this category involved ignoring the perpetrator, joking with the perpetrator, and changing the conversational subject. This study has important implications for understanding the contextual environment where confrontation is prevalent and strongly points to additional needed safeguards for drivers, passenger education campaigns, as well as app-based transportation corporate reform.

Bullying in schools remains a critical issue, and teachers often struggle to identify students at risk of victimization. This study explores the prevalence of various forms of bullying among high-risk groups in Taiwanese schools, using peer perspectives to gain insight. A total of 1,732 students (734 males and 998 females) participated in a survey that measured 10 common types of bullying, assessing both students' perceptions and the actual frequency of occurrences over the past 6 months. The multidimensional Rasch model (Kelderman, 1996) was employed to analyze the alignment between students' perceptions of bullying and their actual experiences in school. The study produced three key findings: (a) Students with "personality or behavioral problems" were most likely to be bullied, followed by those with "abnormal appearance" and "hygiene problems." (b) Peer reports on bullying behavior were generally accurate in identifying victims. (c) In assessing bullying related to "sexual orientation or gender identity," there was a discrepancy between perceived peer views and the actual frequency of such bullying. These findings suggest that students can be crucial in combating school bullying. Stakeholders involved in prevention efforts should focus on students with personality or behavioral problems, as they are particularly vulnerable to victimization, which can perpetuate the cycle of bullying. In addition, schools should incorporate peer feedback to enhance their strategies for identifying and preventing bullying.

Inclusive and supportive classroom environments are essential, particularly during political and societal crises such as wars, disinformation, polarization, and rising populism and extremism. While existing research underscores the importance of such environments, few studies comprehensively examine the impact of anti-hate speech prevention programs on classroom dynamics and students' social development. This study addressed this gap by investigating the direct and indirect effects of the HateLess anti-hate speech prevention program on inclusive classroom climate, classroom cohesion, empathy, and self-efficacy among adolescents. A sample of 820 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years (M = 13.27, SD = 1.04) from 11 German schools was divided into an intervention group (n = 567), who participated in the 1-week program, and a control group (n = 253). Multilevel mediation analyses revealed that, at T2 (1 month after the intervention), the intervention group reported significantly higher levels of inclusive classroom climate, cohesion, empathy, and self-efficacy than the control group. In addition, inclusive classroom climate and cohesion were positively associated with empathy and self-efficacy, and significant indirect effects indicated that the intervention's impact on empathy and self-efficacy was partially mediated through classroom climate and cohesion. These findings highlight the effectiveness of HateLess in fostering inclusive classroom environments and suggest integrating such interventions into school curricula to cultivate supportive learning spaces that empower adolescents to address hate speech effectively.

This study presents a model of harsh parenting that has an indirect and direct effect on problematic Internet use (PIU) through the mediating process of basic need satisfaction and self-concept clarity. A sample of 490 Chinese middle-school adolescents completed anonymous questionnaires regarding harsh parenting, PIU, basic need satisfaction, and self-concept clarity during class sessions. After controlling the sex, grade, and history of Internet use, harsh parenting was positively related to PIU. Moreover, basic need satisfaction and self-concept clarity mediated the association between harsh parenting and PIU among adolescents. These findings indicate that basic need satisfaction and self-concept clarity are protective factors in reducing the negative effect of harsh parenting on PIU. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Women in jail report significantly higher rates of interpersonal violence, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and substance use disorders compared to the general population. Exposure to interpersonal violence is associated with PTSD and maladaptive behaviors such as substance use and engagement in risky behaviors. However, less is known about mechanisms, such as emotion regulation and trauma-coping self-efficacy, that might increase or decrease the likelihood of these maladaptive behavioral health outcomes in this population. The present study investigated the extent to which emotion regulation and trauma-coping self-efficacy exert indirect effects on the relations between cumulative interpersonal violence exposure and distress outcomes (i.e., PTSD, substance use, and risky behavior) among women in jail. Interviews were completed by 180 randomly selected women recruited from two county detention centers in the Mountain Northwest. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Interpersonal violence significantly predicted PTSD, risky behaviors, difficulties in emotion regulation, and trauma-coping self-efficacy. Difficulties with emotion regulation predicted PTSD and trauma-coping self-efficacy predicted PTSD and substance use symptoms. In addition, there were significant indirect effects for both emotion regulation and trauma-coping self-efficacy on interpersonal violence and PTSD and interpersonal violence and substance use. These findings suggest potential targets for intervention in the underserved and highly trauma-exposed population of system-involved women.

Individuals who experience adverse events during their early life stages are more likely to face negative consequences across various life domains throughout their lifespan. While latent profile analysis has been increasingly applied to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) worldwide, simultaneous prospective investigations of negative and positive posttraumatic outcomes in Chinese emerging adults remain scarce. The present study aimed to extend prior literature by: (a) assessing the latent profile groupings of ACEs among emerging adults, and (b) analyzing the prospective associations between latent profiles of ACEs and posttraumatic outcomes over a six-month interval, including complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms and posttraumatic growth (PTG). From 3,994 college students who participated in 2 surveys 6 months apart, 1,814 participants (mean age: 18.93 ± 1.45) who reported ACEs were selected. The sample included 901 males (49.7%) and 913 females (50.3%). Data were collected through a two-wave online survey measuring ACEs, CPTSD symptoms, and PTG. The Latent Profile Analysis identified five ACE profiles: High neglect (14.9%), Moderate family dysfunction (46.3%), Moderate abuse (25.1%), High risk (8.5%), and Moderate maltreatment/High family dysfunction (5.2%). Moderate family dysfunction (Profile 2) and Moderate maltreatment/High family dysfunction showed better posttraumatic adaptation than others. The High-risk group had the worst outcomes, while the High neglect and Moderate abuse groups fared better than the High-risk group. This study provides valuable insights into the concurrent examination of ACEs and their impact on the CPTSD symptoms and PTG of emerging adults. It offers a foundation for developing tailored intervention strategies for affected groups.