The recycling of carbon-rich solid wastes from aluminum electrolytic cells: a review

IF 15 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Environmental Chemistry Letters Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI:10.1007/s10311-024-01738-y

Lutong Ma, Zhesheng Qiu, Yusheng Tang, Wanzhang Yang, Bensong Chen, Jun Jiang, Yan Lin

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Abstract

1.6 Million metric tons of spent carbon electrodes modify carbon-rich solid wastes from aluminum electrolysis are produced annually, threatening ecosystems by cyanide and fluoride pollution. Here, we review carbon-rich solid wastes with focus on sources and hazards, detoxification, separation, recovery, recycling and disposal. Treatment techniques include roasting, calcination, vacuum distillation, flotation, water leaching, acid leaching, alkali leaching, complexation leaching, and alkali fusion. Waste can be disposed of alone or in combination with other waste such as cooper slag, sludge, red mud, and coal gangue. Recovery of fluorides and applications of recycled carbon are presented. Fluoride and carbon materials are separated based on differences in hydrophobicity, volatility, flammability, acidity, and alkalinity. The fluorides prepared from the solution are mainly aluminum hydroxyfluoride hydrate and cryolite.

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铝电解槽富碳固体废物的再循环：综述

铝电解过程中每年产生 160 万公吨废碳电极改性富碳固体废物，氰化物和氟化物污染威胁着生态系统。在此，我们对富碳固体废物进行回顾，重点关注其来源和危害、解毒、分离、回收、循环利用和处置。处理技术包括焙烧、煅烧、真空蒸馏、浮选、水浸出、酸浸出、碱浸出、络合浸出和碱熔。废料可以单独处理，也可以与其他废料（如炉渣、污泥、赤泥和煤矸石）一起处理。介绍了氟化物的回收和再生碳的应用。根据疏水性、挥发性、易燃性、酸性和碱性的不同，对氟化物和碳材料进行分离。从溶液中制备的氟化物主要是水合羟基氟化铝和冰晶石。

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来源期刊

Environmental Chemistry Letters 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

32.00

自引率

7.00%

发文量

175

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Chemistry Letters explores the intersections of geology, chemistry, physics, and biology. Published articles are of paramount importance to the examination of both natural and engineered environments. The journal features original and review articles of exceptional significance, encompassing topics such as the characterization of natural and impacted environments, the behavior, prevention, treatment, and control of mineral, organic, and radioactive pollutants. It also delves into interfacial studies involving diverse media like soil, sediment, water, air, organisms, and food. Additionally, the journal covers green chemistry, environmentally friendly synthetic pathways, alternative fuels, ecotoxicology, risk assessment, environmental processes and modeling, environmental technologies, remediation and control, and environmental analytical chemistry using biomolecular tools and tracers.