Towards programming-based synthetic genetic circuit enabled high-lysine maize

IF 5.4 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Current Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI:10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100355
Md. Mahmudul Hasan
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Abstract

Although a major grain crop, maize is a deficit in Lysine (Lys), which is one of the essential amino acids (EAAs). Several attempts of molecular biology, conventional breeding, marker-assisted breeding, and single/multiple transgenesis have significantly increased Lys content in maize seed. However, till now, no commercial high-Lys maize for human consumption is available in the global market. Therefore, alternative strategies are needed that be adopted over the above-mentioned techniques to develop high-Lys maize. In addition to microbes, circuit-enabled programming-based synthetic biology has significantly improved the desired characteristics of crops including maize as synthetic mini chromosomes have already been built and transferred into maize. The above technology is advantageous as it is a precisely guided artificially controlled system that acts better in addition to the natural system or over the natural system. During the designing and programming of the synthetic genetic circuit for high-Lys maize, a deep understanding of natural Lys biosynthesis pathways, Lys metabolism, metabolic flux, metabolic interconnections, transporters, and transcription factor, post-translational protein regulation are needed. Hence, major genes in aspartate (Asp) pathway, like dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS), aspartate kinase (AK), Lys-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase (LKR/SDH) should be critically analyzed in maize before incorporating these into high-Lys synthetic genetic circuit. Indeed, a prototype of the synthetic high-Lys genetic circuits must have a synthetic switch for precise regulation of multiplex gene expression, memory circuits, synthetic boolean logic gates, and synthetic intercellular communication systems. For proper transformation of the synthetic high-Lys genetic circuit, the landing pad should be specific. Then, precise monitoring and remote regulation of the circuit over several generations might be done to obtain stable programmed high-Lys synthetic maize. Therefore, considering the current advancement of single/multiple transgenesis, conventional breeding, marker-assisted breeding that successfully increased maize Lys, precise programming-based synthetic genetic circuits should be designed for getting high-Lys maize following the mechanism of how the synthetic genetic circuits would work in the maize genome and its remote control. These need deep understanding in maize biology, integration of previously published transgenesis for high-Lys maize, in silico, in vitro and in vivo experiments for successful development of programming-based synthetic genetic circuit enabled high-Lys maize.

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开发基于编程的合成基因回路,实现高赖氨酸玉米
玉米虽然是一种主要粮食作物,但却缺乏赖氨酸(Lys),而赖氨酸是人体必需氨基酸(EAA)之一。通过分子生物学、常规育种、标记辅助育种和单/多基因转基因等多种尝试,玉米种子中的赖氨酸含量已显著提高。然而,迄今为止,全球市场上还没有供人类食用的商业化高赖氨酸玉米。因此,除了上述技术外,还需要采用其他策略来开发高赖氨酸玉米。除微生物外,基于电路编程的合成生物学也极大地改善了包括玉米在内的农作物的理想特性,因为合成微型染色体已被构建并转移到玉米中。上述技术的优势在于,它是一种精确制导的人工控制系统,可以更好地发挥自然系统之外的作用,也可以超越自然系统。在高赖氨酸玉米合成基因回路的设计和编程过程中,需要深入了解天然赖氨酸生物合成途径、赖氨酸代谢、代谢通量、代谢相互联系、转运体以及转录因子、翻译后蛋白质调控。因此,在将天冬氨酸(Asp)途径中的主要基因,如二氢二羟丁酸合成酶(DHPS)、天冬氨酸激酶(AK)、赖氨酸-酮戊二酸还原酶/糖胺酸脱氢酶(LKR/SDH)等纳入高赖氨酸合成基因回路之前,应对这些基因进行严格分析。事实上,合成高赖氨酸基因电路的原型必须具备用于精确调控多重基因表达的合成开关、记忆电路、合成布尔逻辑门和合成细胞间通信系统。为了正确改造合成高赖氨酸基因电路,着陆点应该是特定的。然后,可以通过几代人对电路进行精确监控和远程调控,以获得稳定的程序化高赖氨酸合成玉米。因此,考虑到目前单/多转基因、常规育种、标记辅助育种成功提高玉米赖氨酸的进展,应根据合成基因线路在玉米基因组中的工作机制及其远程控制,设计基于精确编程的合成基因线路,以获得高赖氨酸玉米。这需要对玉米生物学有深入的了解,整合以前发表的高赖氨酸玉米转基因研究成果,进行硅学、体外和体内实验,以成功开发基于编程的合成基因线路,实现高赖氨酸玉米。
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来源期刊
Current Plant Biology
Current Plant Biology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
1.90%
发文量
32
审稿时长
50 days
期刊介绍: Current Plant Biology aims to acknowledge and encourage interdisciplinary research in fundamental plant sciences with scope to address crop improvement, biodiversity, nutrition and human health. It publishes review articles, original research papers, method papers and short articles in plant research fields, such as systems biology, cell biology, genetics, epigenetics, mathematical modeling, signal transduction, plant-microbe interactions, synthetic biology, developmental biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, biotechnologies, bioinformatics and plant genomic resources.
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