Current Plant Biology最新文献

Precision editing without footprints: Advancing transgene-free systems in plants 没有足迹的精确编辑：推进植物中的无转基因系统

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2026.100588

Nan Su , Menglei Wang , Rui Zhang , Yue Xiao , Deqiang Zhang , Yuepeng Song

The rapid advancement of CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing has revolutionized plant biotechnology, yet the integration of exogenous DNA into plant genomes raises biosafety concerns and regulatory hurdles. Transgene-free genome editing technologies, which eliminate foreign gene remnants while enabling precise modifications, are critical for the commercialization and ecological sustainability of edited plants. This review provides a comprehensive and integrated analysis of transgene-free editing strategies, focusing on the latest advances in three core innovations: (1) Optimization of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) components: A systematic side-by-side comparison of editing efficiencies between Cas variants and gRNA variants—enhancing editing specificity, reducing off-target effects, and eliminating transgene integration; (2) Delivery systems, including PEG-Ca²⁺ mediated, particle bombardment delivery and nanomaterial-based platforms, which enable transgene-free of CRISPR components while bypassing tissue culture; (3) gene module molecular toolkits, including high-frequency regeneration modules, negative selection module and visualization module, which represent an underexplored frontier in previous reviews. By integrating these innovations, transgene-free editing technologies hold immense potential for perennial plants, enabling trait improvements in yield, stress tolerance, and disease resistance without compromising genetic integrity. This review highlights remaining challenges, including delivery efficiency in recalcitrant species and scalability for high-throughput applications, while underscoring the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in advancing next-generation editing tools. This work not only synthesizes key technological advances but also provides a clear roadmap for addressing challenges related to delivery efficiency, regulatory hurdles, and public acceptance, thereby paving the way for sustainable agriculture and the global adoption of CRISPR-edited plants.

CRISPR/ cas介导的基因组编辑技术的快速发展已经彻底改变了植物生物技术，然而将外源DNA整合到植物基因组中引发了生物安全问题和监管障碍。无转基因基因组编辑技术可以消除外源残留基因，同时实现精确的修饰，对编辑植物的商业化和生态可持续性至关重要。本文对无转基因编辑策略进行了全面和综合的分析，重点介绍了三个核心创新的最新进展：(1)核糖核蛋白（RNP）成分的优化：系统地比较了Cas变体和gRNA变体的编辑效率，增强了编辑特异性，减少了脱靶效应，消除了转基因整合；(2)递送系统，包括peg - ca2 +介导、粒子轰击递送和基于纳米材料的平台，可以绕过组织培养，实现无CRISPR成分的转基因；(3)基因模块分子工具包，包括高频再生模块、负选择模块和可视化模块，这在以往的研究中是一个尚未开发的前沿领域。通过整合这些创新，无转基因编辑技术对多年生植物具有巨大的潜力，可以在不损害遗传完整性的情况下提高产量、耐受性和抗病性。这篇综述强调了仍然存在的挑战，包括顽固性物种的传递效率和高通量应用的可扩展性，同时强调了人工智能和机器学习在推进下一代编辑工具方面的作用。这项工作不仅综合了关键的技术进步，而且为解决与交付效率、监管障碍和公众接受度相关的挑战提供了明确的路线图，从而为可持续农业和全球采用crispr编辑植物铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

S genes for disease resistance in wheat using Arabidopsis as a model 以拟南芥为模型的小麦抗病基因研究

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2026.100597

Zelalem Eshetu Bekalu , Tobias Hanak , Henrik Brinch-Pedersen

In their millennia-long coexistence, plants and pathogens have coevolved diverse arrays of biochemicals against each other to survive. The arms race between them is a complex process and involves multiple defence and signalling pathways. Pathogens with superior virulence arms often cause substantial yield loss and compromise quality in numerous plant species. In response, plants are equipped with resistance genes (R genes) to overcome pathogen-associated losses. However, the use of R genes in breeding is often hindered by their short durability and limited specificity against a pathogen race. Besides using their resources for pathogenicity, pathogens usually ‘trick’ the host defence system and involve the host genes in favour of their entry and colonisation of the host, so-called susceptibility genes (S genes). In contrast to R genes, S genes serve as host factors to establish host-pathogen compatibility by facilitating nutrient acquisition, suppressing defence signalling, or modifying host cellular structures. Unlike the recognition-based mechanism of R genes, resistance derived from S genes typically results from a loss-of-function of these required targets. In the last two decades, S genes have been used to improve resistance against various pathogens. However, the use of mutant S genes to develop resistant crops is often hampered by their potential pleiotropic effects. To overcome these challenges, New Genomic Techniques (NGTs) provide tools and platforms to fine-tune target S gene expression without pleiotropic effects. NGTs also enable simultaneous targeting of multiple S genes to achieve broad-spectrum resistance. Compared to classical breeding, NGTs significantly shorten the breeding cycles and facilitate the rapid integration of resistance traits into elite cultivars. Here, we summarise the functional diversity of S genes in the model plant Arabidopsis and the cereal crop wheat against various plant pathogens. In addition, we also highlight the potential challenges to translate S gene functional studies from Arabidopsis to polyploid crop species, like wheat. Furthermore, we discuss potential targets in the S genes for NGTs-mediated modification and the generation of resilient crops against various pathogens.

在数千年的共存中，植物和病原体为了生存，共同进化出了各种各样的生化物质。它们之间的军备竞赛是一个复杂的过程，涉及多种防御和信号途径。在许多植物物种中，具有超强毒力臂的病原体常常造成大量的产量损失和质量妥协。作为回应，植物配备了抗性基因（R基因）来克服病原体相关的损失。然而，R基因在育种中的使用往往受到其持久性短和对病原体种类特异性有限的阻碍。除了利用它们的资源进行致病性外，病原体通常“欺骗”宿主的防御系统，并涉及宿主基因，以有利于它们进入和定植宿主，即所谓的易感基因（S基因）。与R基因相比，S基因作为宿主因子，通过促进营养获取、抑制防御信号或修饰宿主细胞结构来建立宿主-病原体相容性。与R基因基于识别的机制不同，来自S基因的抗性通常是由于这些必需靶点的功能丧失而产生的。在过去的二十年里，S基因被用来提高对各种病原体的抵抗力。然而，利用突变S基因开发抗性作物往往受到其潜在多效性的阻碍。为了克服这些挑战，新基因组技术（NGTs）提供了工具和平台来微调目标S基因的表达，而不会产生多效性效应。NGTs还可以同时靶向多个S基因，以实现广谱抗性。与传统育种相比，ngt显著缩短了育种周期，促进了抗性性状快速整合到优良品种中。本文综述了模式植物拟南芥和谷类作物小麦中S基因对多种植物病原菌的功能多样性。此外，我们还强调了将S基因功能研究从拟南芥转化为多倍体作物物种（如小麦）的潜在挑战。此外，我们还讨论了S基因中ngts介导修饰的潜在靶点，以及产生抗各种病原体的抗性作物。

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引用次数: 0

Phylogeny-guided discovery of a crocetin dialdehyde-producing carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase from Paulownia tomentosa 以系统发育为导向的泡桐类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶的发现

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2026.100599

Lucía Morote , Eduardo Parreño , Elena Moreno Giménez , Verónica Aragonés , Alberto José López Jiménez , Ángela Rubio-Moraga , Oussama Ahrazem , Gianfranco Diretto , José-Antonio Daròs , Lourdes Gómez-Gómez

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) mediate the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, producing apocarotenoids with diverse biological functions and industrial relevance. Phylogenetic analysis of CCDs from Paulownia tomentosa identified CCD4–2 as a candidate enzyme potentially involved in crocetin biosynthesis. CCD4–2 clustered closely with functionally characterized CCD4 enzymes from Buddleja and Verbascum (73.7% and 70.0% identity, respectively), both of which cleave carotenoids at the C7-C8 and C7′-C8′ double bonds to produce crocetin dialdehyde. In silico predictions and subcellular localization studies, supported that P. tomentosa CCD4–2 is plastid-targeted and likely interacts with membrane-bound carotenoid pools. Functional assays demonstrated that CCD4–2 cleaves specifically β-carotene at C7-C8 and C7′-C8′ but does not act on linear or asymmetric carotenoids. Although β-carotene was abundant in P. tomentosa leaves and flowers, crocins were not detected, likely due to substrate competition and the high expression of other CCD enzymes, particularly CCD1 and CCD4–4, which may divert β-carotene toward alternative cleavage pathways or products. To verify the catalytic function in planta, CCD4–2 was expressed using a viral vector in Nicotiana benthamiana. In this low-competition background, crocins accumulation reached values close to 4 mg/g dry weight, confirming the cleavage activity of CCD4–2. These findings underscore the presence of catalytically valuable CCD enzymes within plant genomes and demonstrate how prior knowledge of CCD enzymatic activity and phylogenetic relationships can facilitate the identification of novel candidates for the biotechnological production of high-value apocarotenoids.

类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶（CCDs）介导类胡萝卜素的氧化裂解，产生具有多种生物学功能和工业意义的类胡萝卜素。对泡桐中CCD4-2的系统发育分析表明，CCD4-2可能是参与红花素生物合成的候选酶。CCD4 - 2与budleja和Verbascum中功能特征的CCD4酶紧密聚集（同源性分别为73.7%和70.0%），两者均在C7-C8和C7 ‘ -C8 ’双键处裂解类胡萝卜素，生成crocetin双醛。在计算机预测和亚细胞定位研究中，支持绒毛假单胞菌CCD4-2是质体靶向的，可能与膜结合的类胡萝卜素池相互作用。功能分析表明，CCD4-2在C7-C8和C7 ‘ -C8 ’位点特异切割β-胡萝卜素，但对线性或不对称类胡萝卜素不起作用。虽然在毛毛假葡萄叶片和花中含有丰富的β-胡萝卜素，但没有检测到藏红花素，这可能是由于底物竞争和其他CCD酶的高表达，特别是CCD1和CCD4-4，这可能使β-胡萝卜素转向其他裂解途径或产物。为了验证CCD4-2在植物中的催化作用，我们利用病毒载体在烟叶中表达CCD4-2。在这种低竞争背景下，藏红花素积累达到接近4 mg/g干重的值，证实了ccd2 - 2的裂解活性。这些发现强调了在植物基因组中存在具有催化价值的CCD酶，并证明了CCD酶活性和系统发育关系的先验知识如何有助于确定高价值类伪胡萝卜素生物技术生产的新候选物。

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引用次数: 0

JA-mediated defence activation underlies Chilo partellus tolerance in maize: Evidence from integrative multi-omics analyses ja介导的防御激活是玉米对小叶螟耐受性的基础：来自综合多组学分析的证据

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2026.100594

S.B. Suby , Megha Sailwal , Naveen Kumar , T. P. Ahammed Shabeer , Krishan Kumar , Pashupat D. Vasmatkar , Vishesh Kumar , Yasin J. Khan , Amolkumar U. Solanke

Maize faces substantial yield losses from herbivory by the spotted stemborer Chilo partellus, and understanding defence mechanisms is critical for breeding resilient cultivars. In this study, two maize inbred lines, BML 6 (susceptible) and BML 7 (tolerant), and their hybrid DHM 117, were evaluated for resistance, revealing that BML 7 reduced larval establishment and growth, BML 6 supported higher larval survival, and the hybrid exhibited intermediate resistance with increased biomass, reflecting partial inheritance of defence traits. Transcriptomic and RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that jasmonic acid (JA) mediated signalling orchestrates maize defence, with strong induction of key genes in BML 7 and DHM 117, including lipoxygenase 2/3/5 (LOXs), fatty acid α-dioxygenase (FAD1), terpene synthases 4/10 (TPS4/10), α-terpineol synthase, cystatin 2, anthranilate synthase α-subunit 1 (ASα1), and anthranilic acid methyltransferase 1 (AAMT1), driving terpenoid and benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, whereas BML 6 primarily activated the phenylpropanoid pathway. Metabolomic profiling (UPLC-QTOF-MS) revealed that BML 7 accumulated specialised metabolites, including phenolic acid–flavonoid conjugates, while BML 6 showed higher levels of simple phenolics, linking metabolite composition to larval performance. Overall, the integration of phenotypic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic evidence underscores the central role of JA signalling and its downstream defence network in maize, identifying functional molecular markers for developing pest-resilient cultivars.

玉米面临着由斑斑蒸腾虫（Chilo partellus）造成的大量产量损失，了解防御机制对于培育抗灾品种至关重要。通过对玉米自交系BML 6（易感）和BML 7（耐）及其杂种DHM 117的抗性评价，发现BML 7降低了幼虫的建立和生长，BML 6支持较高的幼虫存活率，杂种表现出生物量增加的中等抗性，反映了部分防御性状的遗传。转录组学和RT-PCR分析表明，茉莉酸（JA）介导的信号传导调控了玉米的防御过程，在BML 7和DHM 117中，包括脂氧合酶2/3/5 （LOXs）、脂肪酸α-双加氧酶（FAD1）、萜烯合成酶4/10 （TPS4/10）、α-松油醇合成酶、胱抑素2、苯甲酸合成酶α-亚基1 （ASα1）和苯甲酸甲基转移酶1 （AAMT1）等关键基因的强烈诱导，促进了萜类和苯并杂嗪类的生物合成。而BML - 6主要激活苯丙素途径。代谢组学分析（UPLC-QTOF-MS）显示BML 7积累了专门的代谢物，包括酚酸-类黄酮缀合物，而BML 6显示出更高水平的简单酚类物质，将代谢物组成与幼虫性能联系起来。总体而言，综合表型、转录组学和代谢组学证据强调了JA信号传导及其下游防御网络在玉米中的核心作用，确定了开发抗虫害品种的功能分子标记。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing autophagy: Fine tuning plant programmed cell death for enhanced crop resilience and yield 利用自噬：微调植物程序性细胞死亡以提高作物抗逆性和产量

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2026.100595

Tingting Fan , Gang Yang , Hua Zhang , Junyan Wu , Abbas Muhammad Fahim , Wangtian Wang , Li Ma , Lijun Liu , Yuanyuan Pu , Wancang Sun , Lizhe An

Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway in eukaryotes, is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, mediating stress responses, and regulating programmed cell death (PCD). Recent research has revealed its dual role in plant biology, where it can promote cell survival or execute cell death during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. We systematically review the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in plant PCD, emphasizing its functional diversity and molecular underpinnings in developmental processes, pathogen infections, and environmental stress responses. By synthesizing these mechanistic insights, we propose a conceptual framework of “context-dependent molecular switches” that govern autophagy’s life-or-death decisions in plants. Furthermore, we explore the potential applications of modulating autophagy pathways for crop improvement, providing a theoretical foundation for breeding stress resistant and high yield varieties.

自噬是一种在真核生物中高度保守的细胞内降解途径，对于维持细胞稳态、介导应激反应和调节程序性细胞死亡（PCD）至关重要。最近的研究揭示了它在植物生物学中的双重作用，在发育过程中以及对生物和非生物胁迫的反应中，它可以促进细胞存活或执行细胞死亡。本文系统地综述了植物PCD中自噬的调控机制，强调了其在发育过程、病原体感染和环境胁迫反应中的功能多样性和分子基础。通过综合这些机制的见解，我们提出了一个控制植物自噬生死决定的“环境依赖分子开关”的概念框架。此外，我们还探讨了调节自噬途径在作物改良中的潜在应用，为培育抗逆性和高产品种提供理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Climate constraints and adaptation strategies for improving the production and quality of exotic vegetables in North America (literature review) 气候限制和适应策略对提高北美外来蔬菜产量和质量的影响（文献综述）

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2026.100598

Morel Libère Comlan Kotomale , Kueshi Semanou Dahan , Fernand A. Sotondji , Jean-Pierre Kapongo , Stefan Sieber

Exotic vegetables play an increasingly important role in North American food systems, driven by cultural diversification and the demand from immigrant communities. Unfortunately, climate change is intensifying the threats to their production and quality. This review aims to fill the current lack of an integrated synthesis of knowledge on the main exotic vegetables consumed by communities of Asian and Afro-Caribbean origin in North America, by analysing their production constraints, their physiological and molecular responses, and the adaptation strategies that can be mobilized to secure and strengthen their supply chains. It also highlights the market opportunities that these crops represent for North American farmers. Using a structured literature review approach inspired by PRISMA guidelines, the most representative crops for these communities were identified, along with the main limiting factors for their establishment and yield stability. The results show that increasing frequency and intensity of heat waves, water deficits, and extreme weather events lead to physiological alterations in these crops, quality losses, and the exacerbation of certain pests and diseases. These effects are mediated by complex tolerance networks involving heat shock factors and proteins, phytohormonal crosstalk, and transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic reprogramming. The review underscores the need for a multifaceted strategy combining agronomic and technological innovations (protection against extremes, water management, biostimulants, protected cultivation systems), breeding and genetic improvement approaches that integrate tools from genomics, genomic selection, genome editing, and epigenomics, as well as institutional support mechanisms and public policies that promote tailored breeding programs, the dissemination of resilient cultivars, and the strengthening of local supply chains. It further shows that, when supported by appropriate public policies and targeted investment in research, this sector offers new business opportunities for North American producers through crop diversification, the creation of niche markets, and the development of high-value-added local value chains, thereby contributing to economic dynamism, agronomic innovation, and food system resilience.

在文化多样化和移民社区需求的推动下，外来蔬菜在北美食品体系中发挥着越来越重要的作用。不幸的是，气候变化正在加剧对它们的生产和质量的威胁。本综述旨在通过分析亚洲和加勒比非洲裔社区消费的主要外来蔬菜的生产限制、生理和分子反应以及可用于确保和加强其供应链的适应策略，填补目前缺乏对其综合知识的缺乏。它还强调了这些作物为北美农民带来的市场机会。采用受PRISMA指南启发的结构化文献综述方法，确定了这些群落中最具代表性的作物，以及其建立和产量稳定性的主要限制因素。结果表明，热浪、缺水和极端天气事件的频率和强度的增加导致这些作物的生理变化、品质损失和某些病虫害的加剧。这些影响是由复杂的耐受网络介导的，包括热休克因子和蛋白质、植物激素串扰以及转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组重编程。该综述强调，需要采取多方面的战略，将农艺和技术创新（防止极端情况、水管理、生物刺激剂、保护性栽培系统）、整合基因组学、基因组选择、基因组编辑和表观基因组学工具的育种和遗传改良方法，以及促进量身定制育种计划的体制支持机制和公共政策、抗逆性品种的传播、加强本地供应链。报告进一步表明，在适当的公共政策和有针对性的研究投资的支持下，该部门通过作物多样化、创造利基市场和发展高附加值的当地价值链，为北美生产者提供了新的商机，从而促进经济活力、农学创新和粮食系统抵御力。

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引用次数: 0

Roles of the Mediator complex and transcriptional activators/repressors in regulating plant gene expression under salt stress 盐胁迫下介导复合物和转录激活因子/抑制因子在调控植物基因表达中的作用

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2026.100596

Zainab M. Almutairi , Pravej Alam , Thamer Albalawi , Shubhra Khare , Mehmet Firat Baran , Mohammad Faizan

Abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, pose significant threats to global agriculture by adversely affecting plant growth, productivity, and the sustainability of arable land. These challenges are intensifying due to accelerated climate change and rapid population growth, which together necessitate increased agricultural output despite declining land availability. Among these stresses, salinity is particularly detrimental, as it induces osmotic and ionic imbalances, disrupts nutrient homeostasis, and triggers excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to oxidative damage and impairment of key physiological processes. To mitigate such stresses, plants activate complex genetic and molecular defense mechanisms, including transcriptional reprogramming mediated by transcription factors (TFs). Emerging research highlights the pivotal role of the plant Mediator complex a conserved, multisubunit transcriptional coactivator in coordinating responses to environmental cues. The Mediator complex functions as a central integrator of transcriptional regulation by facilitating interactions between TFs and RNA polymerase II. In both model and crop species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Glycine max, mediator subunits exhibit tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression patterns, thereby influencing critical biological processes including flowering, root architecture, and abiotic stress responses. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural organization, functional roles, and regulatory mechanisms of plant mediator complex subunits in response to salinity stress. By synthesizing recent advances in plant molecular biology, this review aims to elucidate the potential of mediator-based transcriptional regulation as a promising target for the development of stress-resilient crops.

非生物胁迫，包括干旱、盐度和极端温度，通过对植物生长、生产力和可耕地的可持续性产生不利影响，对全球农业构成重大威胁。由于气候变化的加速和人口的快速增长，这些挑战正在加剧，尽管土地供应不断减少，但这些挑战都需要增加农业产出。在这些胁迫中，盐度尤其有害，因为它会引起渗透和离子失衡，破坏营养平衡，并引发活性氧（ROS）的过度产生，最终导致氧化损伤和关键生理过程的损害。为了减轻这种压力，植物激活了复杂的遗传和分子防御机制，包括转录因子介导的转录重编程。新兴研究强调了植物中介复合物的关键作用，这是一种保守的多亚基转录共激活因子，在协调对环境信号的反应中起着关键作用。中介复合物通过促进tf和RNA聚合酶II之间的相互作用，作为转录调控的中心整合器。在拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）、水稻（Oryza sativa）和甘氨酸（Glycine max）等模型和作物物种中，中介亚基表现出组织特异性和发育调控的表达模式，从而影响开花、根结构和非生物胁迫响应等关键生物过程。本文综述了植物介质复合物亚基在盐胁迫下的结构组织、功能作用和调控机制。本文综述了植物分子生物学的最新进展，旨在阐明基于介质的转录调控作为开发抗逆性作物的一个有希望的靶点的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Leveraging plant-bacteria interactions for sustainable production of perennial fruit crops 利用植物-细菌相互作用实现多年生水果作物的可持续生产

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2026.100600

Rabiath F.R. Adigoun , Hervé N.S. Aholoukpè , Alexis Durand , Dèdéou A. Tchokponhoué , Nicodème V. Fassinou Hotègni , Enoch G. Achigan-Dako , Aimé H. Bokonon-Ganta , Emile Benizri

The use of chemical inputs in perennial fruit crop production, while effective in promoting high yields, often results in numerous adverse effects on both human and environmental health. Harnessing plant-bacteria interactions has emerged as a promising alternative approach to promoting ecological and sustainable agriculture (along with high yields), beneficial for human health and biodiversity. This review provides an integrated overview of the most recent research studies on the potential of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) inoculants to enhance the yield, productivity, health, and resilience of perennial fruit crops. Studies on the characterization of the diversity, structure, and composition of the bacterial microbiome have revealed that perennial fruit crops are associated with highly diverse bacterial communities, influenced by factors such as the host plant, soil properties, agricultural practices, and climatic and geographical conditions. Several studies revealed convincing results on the effectiveness of PGPB, applied either as a single inoculation or as a bacterial consortium, to promote the growth, yield, and tolerance to pests and abiotic stresses of perennial fruit crops. However, despite these significant advances, challenges remain regarding the scalability of these technologies, their effectiveness in real environmental conditions, and their practical application by farmers. This review proposes research avenues and strategies to maximize the effectiveness of PGPB inoculants and their adoption by farmers, with an emphasis on the need to integrate a farmer-participatory research approach. In addition, key marketing strategies that could be implemented by microbial inoculants manufacturing companies to stimulate market growth were also suggested.

在多年生水果作物生产中使用化学投入物虽然能有效地促进高产，但往往对人类和环境健康造成许多不利影响。利用植物-细菌相互作用已成为促进生态和可持续农业（以及高产）的一种有希望的替代方法，有利于人类健康和生物多样性。本文综述了植物生长促进菌（plant growth-promoting bacteria， PGPB）接种剂在提高多年生水果作物产量、生产力、健康和抗逆性方面的最新研究进展。对细菌微生物群多样性、结构和组成特征的研究表明，多年生水果作物与高度多样化的细菌群落有关，受寄主植物、土壤性质、农业实践、气候和地理条件等因素的影响。几项研究显示了PGPB的有效性，无论是单次接种还是作为细菌联合接种，都能促进多年生水果作物的生长、产量和对害虫和非生物胁迫的耐受性。然而，尽管取得了这些重大进展，但这些技术的可扩展性、在实际环境条件下的有效性以及农民的实际应用方面仍然存在挑战。这篇综述提出了研究途径和策略，以最大限度地提高PGPB接种剂的有效性，并使其被农民采用，重点是需要整合农民参与研究方法。此外，还提出了微生物接种剂生产企业可以实施的关键营销策略，以刺激市场增长。

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引用次数: 0

When rhizosphere complexity is too important for constraining into a single causality pattern: A causal inference methodology 当根际复杂性太过重要而不能将其限制为单一因果关系模式时：因果推理方法

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2026.100590

Edith Le Cadre , Mathieu Emily

Structural Equation Modeling is used in ecological studies to confirm pre-assumed multivariate causal relationships. However, the rhizosphere is a complex environment, and knowledge is not sufficiently consistent to propose unambiguous causal relationships to be tested. Using a Latent Variable Structural Equation Modeling framework, that aims to build and explore different causality patterns in rhizosphere environments, we designed an exploratory approach to detect causality patterns that are worth being investigated a posteriori and contribute to rhizosphere knowledge and applications. Grounded in statistical methods, exploration of the “causal space” is applicable to prioritize rhizosphere causality patterns that worth to be tested. Application of our framework to field studies is discussed. The term causal space is debated as a pioneer concept for causal inference in the rhizosphere.

结构方程模型在生态学研究中用于确认预先假定的多变量因果关系。然而，根际是一个复杂的环境，知识不够一致，无法提出明确的因果关系进行测试。利用潜在变量结构方程建模框架，旨在建立和探索根际环境中不同的因果关系模式，我们设计了一种探索性方法来检测值得事后研究的因果关系模式，并有助于根际知识和应用。基于统计方法，对“因果空间”的探索适用于优先考虑值得测试的根际因果关系模式。讨论了我们的框架在实地研究中的应用。因果空间这个术语被认为是根际因果推理的先驱概念。

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive characterization of the rye dwarfism locus (dw10) on chromosome 5R: Phenotypic and molecular insights 黑麦矮秆病5R染色体dw10位点的综合鉴定：表型和分子分析

IF 4.5 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2026.100592

Hymavathi Salava , Iman Samiei Mosleh , Stefan Stojałowski , Hanna Bolibok-Brągoszewska , Beata Myśków , Fatemeh Maghuly

Plant height is a critical determinant of yield stability in cereals, with dwarfing alleles reducing lodging risk. We present the first molecular characterization of dw10, a gibberellin (GA)-insensitive recessive dwarfing locus in rye (Secale cereale L.). Using Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs), high-resolution DArTseq mapping, and RNA-seq profiling, dw10 was fine-mapped to chromosome 5 R and shown to be distinct from known loci (Ddw1, dw8). The allele reduced internode length without affecting thousand-grain weight, with incomplete dominance in F₁ hybrids. GA₃ treatment partially restored elongation, indicating altered GA signaling. Transcriptome analysis revealed 125 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on 5 R, including four within the dw10 interval: IBH1-LIKE (a BR signaling repressor), an FAD/NAD(P)-binding protein, a TolB-like protein, and a cyclin-like protein. Co-expression analysis implicated brassinosteroid-related regulatory modules and protease-mediated remodeling in height control. Variant analysis identified a missense mutation in TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE ALPHA (TSA) with upregulation of paralogues, suggesting functional compensation. These results define the genetic and molecular framework of dw10, provide tightly linked markers for breeding, and highlight hormone signaling and cell wall processes as targets for height modulation in rye and related cereals.

株高是谷物产量稳定的关键决定因素，矮化等位基因降低倒伏风险。我们首次报道了黑麦（Secale cereale L.）中赤霉素（GA）不敏感隐性矮化位点dw10的分子特征。利用近等基因系（Near-Isogenic Lines, NILs）、高分辨率DArTseq作图和RNA-seq分析，dw10被精细定位到5号染色体 R上，并显示与已知位点（Ddw1, dw8）不同。该等位基因减少节间长度，但不影响千粒重，在F₁杂交种中不完全显性。GA₃处理部分恢复了伸长率，表明GA信号发生了改变。转录组分析显示，5 R上有125个差异表达基因（DEGs），其中四个在dw10区间内：IBH1-LIKE （BR信号抑制因子），FAD/NAD(P)结合蛋白，tolb样蛋白和细胞周期蛋白样蛋白。共表达分析涉及油菜素类固醇相关的调节模块和蛋白酶介导的身高控制重塑。变异分析发现了色氨酸合成酶α (TSA)的错义突变，其旁物上调，提示功能补偿。这些结果确定了dw10的遗传和分子框架，为育种提供了紧密联系的标记，并强调了激素信号和细胞壁过程是黑麦和相关谷物高度调节的靶点。

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