{"title":"Influence of natural aging on wood combustion heat release","authors":"Jingyu Zhao, Xinrong Jiang, Jiajia Song, Shiping Lu, Yueyan Xiao, Chi-Min Shu","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01565-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood is a primary building tool for ancient buildings and structures, but for those that survive to date, naturally aged wood may pose a noteworthy fire hazard. There are potential risks to health, safety, and substantial cultural loss if fire risks in such buildings are not mitigated. We obtained several samples of aged wood commonly used in ancient structures (elm, pine, and aspen), and compared the kinetic and thermal characteristics to fresh wood examples to determine potential methods of enhancing safety. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to establish the heat release characteristics of the fresh and aged samples, and the characteristics of the thermal reaction stages were characterized using the temperature range and heat release laws for each reaction stage. The heat release characteristics during combustion were investigated for different heating rates, and the influence of aging on temperature change and heat release rate characteristics during different exothermic stages was assessed. Finally, using heat flow data, the apparent activation energy (AAE) of the samples and their distributions during different exothermic stages were calculated and analyzed via the Friedman differential iso-conversion method. Results showed that the exothermic energy of the aged samples was higher than that of the fresh samples, indicating that aging does impact the thermal reaction process. The aged samples in this study had a greater heat diffusion capacity, transmitted more heat, were more susceptible to burning (by spreading that heat), and generally posed a greater fire hazard. During the rapid exothermic phase, the AAE of aged wood increased as the reaction progressed, and exhibited lower AAE with a greater sensitivity to fire than fresh samples. A sound linear relationship between pre-exponential factor and AAE and the kinetic compensation effect was obvious. This study provided a rudimentary theoretical basis for the prevention of fires in timber-framed ancient buildings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"58 3","pages":"1227 - 1257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Wood Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00226-024-01565-y","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FORESTRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Wood is a primary building tool for ancient buildings and structures, but for those that survive to date, naturally aged wood may pose a noteworthy fire hazard. There are potential risks to health, safety, and substantial cultural loss if fire risks in such buildings are not mitigated. We obtained several samples of aged wood commonly used in ancient structures (elm, pine, and aspen), and compared the kinetic and thermal characteristics to fresh wood examples to determine potential methods of enhancing safety. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to establish the heat release characteristics of the fresh and aged samples, and the characteristics of the thermal reaction stages were characterized using the temperature range and heat release laws for each reaction stage. The heat release characteristics during combustion were investigated for different heating rates, and the influence of aging on temperature change and heat release rate characteristics during different exothermic stages was assessed. Finally, using heat flow data, the apparent activation energy (AAE) of the samples and their distributions during different exothermic stages were calculated and analyzed via the Friedman differential iso-conversion method. Results showed that the exothermic energy of the aged samples was higher than that of the fresh samples, indicating that aging does impact the thermal reaction process. The aged samples in this study had a greater heat diffusion capacity, transmitted more heat, were more susceptible to burning (by spreading that heat), and generally posed a greater fire hazard. During the rapid exothermic phase, the AAE of aged wood increased as the reaction progressed, and exhibited lower AAE with a greater sensitivity to fire than fresh samples. A sound linear relationship between pre-exponential factor and AAE and the kinetic compensation effect was obvious. This study provided a rudimentary theoretical basis for the prevention of fires in timber-framed ancient buildings.
期刊介绍：
Wood Science and Technology publishes original scientific research results and review papers covering the entire field of wood material science, wood components and wood based products. Subjects are wood biology and wood quality, wood physics and physical technologies, wood chemistry and chemical technologies. Latest advances in areas such as cell wall and wood formation; structural and chemical composition of wood and wood composites and their property relations; physical, mechanical and chemical characterization and relevant methodological developments, and microbiological degradation of wood and wood based products are reported. Topics related to wood technology include machining, gluing, and finishing, composite technology, wood modification, wood mechanics, creep and rheology, and the conversion of wood into pulp and biorefinery products.
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