Avogadro and Planck Constants, Two Pillars of the International System of Units

Physics Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI:10.3390/physics6020052
Enrico Massa
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Abstract

The International System of Units (SI), the current form of the metric system and the world’s most used system of units, has been continuously updated and refined since the Metre Convention of 1875 to ensure that it remains up to date with the latest scientific and technological advances. The General Conference on Weights and Measures, at its 26th meeting in 2018, decided to adopt stipulated values of seven physical constants linked to seven measurement units (the second, meter, kilogram, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela). This paper reviews the technologies developed, in intense and long-standing work, to determine the Avogadro and Planck constants, which are now integral to realising the kilogram.
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阿伏加德罗常数和普朗克常数,国际单位制的两大支柱
国际单位制(SI)是公制的现行形式,也是世界上使用最多的单位制,自 1875 年《米公约》以来,国际单位制一直在不断更新和完善,以确保其跟上最新的科技进步。2018 年,度量衡大会第 26 次会议决定采用与七个计量单位(秒、米、千克、安培、开尔文、摩尔和坎德拉)相关联的七个物理常数的规定值。本文回顾了在紧张而长期的工作中为确定阿伏加德罗常数和普朗克常数而开发的技术,这两个常数现已成为实现千克的组成部分。
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