Oral health and cognitive function: Insights from longitudinal ageing study in India (LASI) - A cross-sectional analysis

Sakthi Kiruthika K , Akshata Rao , Abhijith Rajaram Rao, Bhawana Painkra, Akash Jaiswal, Pramod Kumar, Nidhi Soni, Naveet Wig, Prasun Chatterjee, Avinash Chakrawarty
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Abstract

Introduction

The oral cavity is related to nervous system diseases, and oral issues have a bidirectional correlation with cognitive dysfunction. Thus, this study aims to explore the association between oral health problems and cognitive dysfunction in community-dwelling Indian older adults.

Materials and Methods

Utilizing data from LASI, a nationally representative cohort study, this study involved 30,726 participants aged ≥60 years. The oral health problems of study participants were self-reported. Cognitive impairment was assessed using composite score, and a score of less than -1.5 SD was defined as the presence of cognitive impairment.

Results

In univariate analysis, significant associations were observed between oral health problems (loss of some natural teeth, OR: 1.33, 95 % CI: 1.15–1.52, p < 0.001; lost all natural teeth, OR: 2.33, 95 % CI: 1.97–2.76, p < 0.001) and ease of chewing solid food [Fairly well (OR: 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.33–1.71, p < 0.001) and not at all (OR: 2.37, 95 % CI: 2.11–2.67, p < 0.001)] with cognitive impairment. In multivariate analysis, adjusted for various factors, a significant association persisted between loss of all natural teeth (OR: 1.62, 95 % CI: 1.34–1.95, p < 0.001) and the ability to chew solid food. Specifically, individuals reporting chewing solid food “Fairly well” (OR: 1.34, 95 % CI: 1.16–1.52, p < 0.001) and those unable to chew at all (OR: 1.73, 95 % CI: 1.51–1.97, p < 0.001) with cognitive impairment.

Conclusion

The findings of this study underscore a compelling connection between oral health issues and cognitive impairment. Consequently, it is imperative to proactively identify and address oral health problems in older adults.

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口腔健康与认知功能:印度老龄化纵向研究(LASI)的启示--一项横断面分析
导言口腔与神经系统疾病有关,口腔问题与认知功能障碍具有双向相关性。因此,本研究旨在探讨居住在社区的印度老年人口腔健康问题与认知功能障碍之间的关系。材料与方法本研究利用具有全国代表性的队列研究 LASI 的数据,涉及 30 726 名年龄≥60 岁的参与者。研究参与者的口腔健康问题均为自我报告。结果 在单变量分析中,口腔健康问题(部分天然牙齿缺失,OR:1.33,95 % CI:1.15-1.52,p <0.001;失去所有天然牙齿,OR:2.33,95 % CI:1.97-2.76,p <0.001)和咀嚼固体食物的难易程度[相当好(OR:1.51,95 % CI:1.33-1.71,p <0.001)和完全不好(OR:2.37,95 % CI:2.11-2.67,p <0.001)]与认知障碍之间存在明显关联。在对各种因素进行调整后的多变量分析中,所有天然牙齿缺失(OR:1.62,95 % CI:1.34-1.95,p <0.001)与咀嚼固体食物的能力之间仍存在显著关联。具体来说,咀嚼固体食物 "相当好"(OR:1.34,95 % CI:1.16-1.52,p <0.001)和完全无法咀嚼(OR:1.73,95 % CI:1.51-1.97,p <0.001)的人会出现认知障碍。因此,必须积极发现并解决老年人的口腔健康问题。
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