Challenges and Advances in Biomarker Detection for Rapid and Accurate Sepsis Diagnosis: An Electrochemical Approach.

IF 4.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Biosensors-Basel Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI:10.3390/bios14060309
Deivasigamani Ranjith Kumar, Angelika Banaś, Katarzyna Krukiewicz
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Abstract

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition with high mortality rates due to delayed treatment of patients. The conventional methodology for blood diagnosis takes several hours, which suspends treatment, limits early drug administration, and affects the patient's recovery. Thus, rapid, accurate, bedside (onsite), economical, and reliable sepsis biomarker reading of the clinical sample is an emergent need for patient lifesaving. Electrochemical label-free biosensors are specific and rapid devices that are able to perform analysis at the patient's bedside; thus, they are considered an attractive methodology in a clinical setting. To reveal their full diagnostic potential, electrode architecture strategies of fabrication are highly desirable, particularly those able to preserve specific antibody-antigen attraction, restrict non-specific adsorption, and exhibit high sensitivity with a low detection limit for a target biomarker. The aim of this review is to provide state-of-the-art methodologies allowing the fabrication of ultrasensitive and highly selective electrochemical sensors for sepsis biomarkers. This review focuses on different methods of label-free biomarker sensors and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Then, it highlights effective ways of avoiding false results and the role of molecular labels and functionalization. Recent literature on electrode materials and antibody grafting strategies is discussed, and the most efficient methodology for overcoming the non-specific attraction issues is listed. Finally, we discuss the existing electrode architecture for specific biomarker readers and promising tactics for achieving quick and low detection limits for sepsis biomarkers.

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用于快速准确诊断败血症的生物标记物检测的挑战与进展:电化学方法。
败血症是一种危及生命的疾病,由于延误治疗,患者死亡率很高。传统的血液诊断方法需要几个小时,这就中止了治疗,限制了早期用药,影响了病人的康复。因此,对临床样本进行快速、准确、床旁(现场)、经济、可靠的败血症生物标志物读取是挽救病人生命的迫切需要。电化学无标记生物传感器是一种特异而快速的设备,能够在病人床旁进行分析,因此被认为是临床环境中一种有吸引力的方法。为了充分发挥其诊断潜力,电极结构的制造策略非常重要,尤其是那些能够保持特异性抗体抗原吸引力、限制非特异性吸附、对目标生物标记物具有高灵敏度和低检测限的电极结构。本综述旨在提供最先进的方法,以制造超灵敏、高选择性的脓毒症生物标志物电化学传感器。本综述重点介绍了无标记生物标记传感器的不同方法,并讨论了它们的优缺点。然后,重点介绍避免错误结果的有效方法以及分子标签和功能化的作用。本文讨论了电极材料和抗体接枝策略方面的最新文献,并列举了克服非特异性吸引问题的最有效方法。最后,我们讨论了用于特定生物标志物读取器的现有电极结构,以及实现脓毒症生物标志物快速、低检测限的可行策略。
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来源期刊
Biosensors-Basel
Biosensors-Basel Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Clinical Biochemistry
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
14.80%
发文量
983
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374) provides an advanced forum for studies related to the science and technology of biosensors and biosensing. It publishes original research papers, comprehensive reviews and communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files and software regarding the full details of the calculation or experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary electronic material.
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