The relationship between the secondary vascular system and the lymphatic vascular system in fish

IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Biological Reviews Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI:10.1111/brv.13114
Virginia Panara, Zuzana Varaliová, Jörg Wilting, Katarzyna Koltowska, Michael Jeltsch
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Abstract

New technologies have resulted in a better understanding of blood and lymphatic vascular heterogeneity at the cellular and molecular levels. However, we still need to learn more about the heterogeneity of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems among different species at the anatomical and functional levels. Even the deceptively simple question of the functions of fish lymphatic vessels has yet to be conclusively answered. The most common interpretation assumes a similar dual setup of the vasculature in zebrafish and mammals: a cardiovascular circulatory system, and a lymphatic vascular system (LVS), in which the unidirectional flow is derived from surplus interstitial fluid and returned into the cardiovascular system. A competing interpretation questions the identity of the lymphatic vessels in fish as at least some of them receive their flow from arteries via specialised anastomoses, neither requiring an interstitial source for the lymphatic flow nor stipulating unidirectionality. In this alternative view, the ‘fish lymphatics’ are a specialised subcompartment of the cardiovascular system, called the secondary vascular system (SVS). Many of the contradictions found in the literature appear to stem from the fact that the SVS develops in part or completely from an embryonic LVS by transdifferentiation. Future research needs to establish the extent of embryonic transdifferentiation of lymphatics into SVS blood vessels. Similarly, more insight is needed into the molecular regulation of vascular development in fish. Most fish possess more than the five vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes and three VEGF receptor genes that we know from mice or humans, and the relative tolerance of fish to whole-genome and gene duplications could underlie the evolutionary diversification of the vasculature. This review discusses the key elements of the fish lymphatics versus the SVS and attempts to draw a picture coherent with the existing data, including phylogenetic knowledge.

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鱼类次级血管系统与淋巴管系统之间的关系。
新技术让我们在细胞和分子水平上更好地了解了血液和淋巴管的异质性。然而,我们仍需从解剖和功能层面进一步了解不同物种之间心血管和淋巴系统的异质性。即使是鱼类淋巴管功能这个简单得令人难以置信的问题,也还没有确切的答案。最常见的解释是假设斑马鱼和哺乳动物的血管具有类似的双重设置:心血管循环系统和淋巴管系统(LVS),其中单向流动的淋巴管来自多余的间隙液,并返回心血管系统。另一种与之相左的解释质疑鱼类淋巴管的特性,因为其中至少有一些淋巴管通过专门的吻合口从动脉获得淋巴流,既不要求淋巴流来自间质,也不要求单向性。这种观点认为,"鱼类淋巴管 "是心血管系统的一个特殊分支,称为次级血管系统(SVS)。文献中发现的许多矛盾似乎源于 SVS 部分或完全由胚胎 LVS 通过转分化发育而来这一事实。未来的研究需要确定胚胎淋巴管转分化为 SVS 血管的程度。同样,还需要对鱼类血管发育的分子调控有更深入的了解。大多数鱼类拥有的血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)基因和血管内皮细胞生长因子受体基因不只我们从小鼠或人类那里了解到的五个,鱼类对全基因组和基因重复的相对耐受性可能是血管进化多样化的基础。本综述讨论了鱼类淋巴管与SVS的关键要素,并试图描绘出一幅与现有数据(包括系统发育知识)相一致的图景。
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来源期刊
Biological Reviews
Biological Reviews 生物-生物学
CiteScore
21.30
自引率
2.00%
发文量
99
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Biological Reviews is a scientific journal that covers a wide range of topics in the biological sciences. It publishes several review articles per issue, which are aimed at both non-specialist biologists and researchers in the field. The articles are scholarly and include extensive bibliographies. Authors are instructed to be aware of the diverse readership and write their articles accordingly. The reviews in Biological Reviews serve as comprehensive introductions to specific fields, presenting the current state of the art and highlighting gaps in knowledge. Each article can be up to 20,000 words long and includes an abstract, a thorough introduction, and a statement of conclusions. The journal focuses on publishing synthetic reviews, which are based on existing literature and address important biological questions. These reviews are interesting to a broad readership and are timely, often related to fast-moving fields or new discoveries. A key aspect of a synthetic review is that it goes beyond simply compiling information and instead analyzes the collected data to create a new theoretical or conceptual framework that can significantly impact the field. Biological Reviews is abstracted and indexed in various databases, including Abstracts on Hygiene & Communicable Diseases, Academic Search, AgBiotech News & Information, AgBiotechNet, AGRICOLA Database, GeoRef, Global Health, SCOPUS, Weed Abstracts, and Reaction Citation Index, among others.
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