An Innovative Multi-Port LoRa-Based Wireless Node for Railway Signaling and Positioning

IF 2.3 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC IEEE journal of radio frequency identification Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI:10.1109/JRFID.2024.3411814
Giacomo Paolini;Enrico Fazzini;Simone Trovarello;Davide Amato;Diego Masotti;Alessandra Costanzo
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Abstract

This work presents the design and validation of a compact wireless system, adopting a modular wireless system composed of three co-located antennas operating in the 2.4 GHz band. The system is designed to be exploited for positioning purposes in secondary railway lines where the European railway traffic management system (ERTMS) is not available. An omnidirectional antenna, cross-polarized with respect to the other two, is used for transferring positioning data among the train and intelligent poles placed along the railway, while two directional radiating elements are arranged back-to-back, to perform wagon-to-wagon communication for train integrity purposes. The omnidirectional antenna has a radiation efficiency of 97.8% and a gain of 4.2 dBi, whereas the directive ones have 79.3% and 5.4 dBi, respectively. The data communication is established by using LoRa systems, enabling low-power, long-range communication with acceptable latency for the application purpose. Due to possible adverse environmental conditions, such as presence of dust or ice, a suitable enclosure of the system is designed to be as much as possible electromagnetically transparent. The whole system has been tested both in laboratory environment and on board of the moving train, inside and outside the wagon, demonstrating the successful communication between wagons and with the poles located along the railway. The highest bit error rate monitored was $2.08\times 10{^{\text {-4}}}$ in the worst testing configuration.
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用于铁路信号和定位的基于 LoRa 的创新型多端口无线节点
这项研究介绍了一种紧凑型无线系统的设计和验证,该系统采用了一种模块化无线系统,由在 2.4 GHz 频段工作的三个共置天线组成。该系统设计用于在没有欧洲铁路交通管理系统(ERTMS)的二级铁路线上进行定位。一个全向天线(相对于其他两个天线为交叉极化)用于在列车和铁路沿线的智能电杆之间传输定位数据,而两个定向辐射元件背靠背排列,用于列车完整性方面的车皮间通信。全向天线的辐射效率为 97.8%,增益为 4.2 dBi,而定向天线的辐射效率为 79.3%,增益为 5.4 dBi。数据通信是通过 LoRa 系统建立的,可实现低功耗、长距离通信和可接受的延迟,以达到应用目的。由于可能存在不利的环境条件,如灰尘或冰块,因此设计了一个合适的系统外壳,尽可能做到电磁透明。整个系统已在实验室环境和行驶中的列车上、车厢内外进行了测试,证明车厢之间以及与铁路沿线的电线杆之间的通信是成功的。在最差的测试配置中,监测到的最高误码率为 2.08 美元/次 10{^{\text {-4}}}$。
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