Archaeological evidence of an ethnographically documented Australian Aboriginal ritual dated to the last ice age

IF 21.4 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1038/s41562-024-01912-w
Bruno David, Russell Mullett, Nathan Wright, Birgitta Stephenson, Jeremy Ash, Joanna Fresløv, GunaiKurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation, Jean-Jacques Delannoy, Matthew C. McDowell, Jerome Mialanes, Fiona Petchey, Lee J. Arnold, Ashleigh J. Rogers, Joe Crouch, Helen Green, Chris Urwin, Carney D. Matheson
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Abstract

In societies without writing, ethnographically known rituals have rarely been tracked back archaeologically more than a few hundred years. At the invitation of GunaiKurnai Aboriginal Elders, we undertook archaeological excavations at Cloggs Cave in the foothills of the Australian Alps. In GunaiKurnai Country, caves were not used as residential places during the early colonial period (mid-nineteenth century CE), but as secluded retreats for the performance of rituals by Aboriginal medicine men and women known as ‘mulla-mullung’, as documented by ethnographers. Here we report the discovery of buried 11,000- and 12,000-year-old miniature fireplaces with protruding trimmed wooden artefacts made of Casuarina wood smeared with animal or human fat, matching the configuration and contents of GunaiKurnai ritual installations described in nineteenth-century ethnography. These findings represent 500 generations of cultural transmission of an ethnographically documented ritual practice that dates back to the end of the last ice age and that contains Australia’s oldest known wooden artefacts. Australian archaeological finds of 12,000-year-old fireplaces and artefacts match nineteenth-century GunaiKurnai ritual practices. They represent approximately 500 generations of cultural transmission of this ritual.

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考古证据表明,有民族志记载的澳大利亚原住民仪式可追溯到上一个冰河时代。
在没有文字的社会中,人种学上已知的仪式在考古学上很少能追溯到几百年前。应古奈-库尔奈原住民长老的邀请,我们在澳大利亚阿尔卑斯山山麓的克洛格洞穴进行了考古发掘。在古奈-库尔奈地区,洞穴在早期殖民时期(公元十九世纪中叶)并没有被用作居住地,而是作为被称为 "mulla-mullung "的原住民巫师和巫女举行仪式的隐居地,这一点已被民族学家记录在案。我们在此报告发现了埋藏在地下的距今 1.1 万年和 1.2 万年的微型壁炉,壁炉上有突出的木制工艺品,这些工艺品由涂抹了动物或人类脂肪的卡苏阿瑞纳木制成,与 19 世纪人种志中描述的古奈-库尔奈仪式装置的构造和内容相吻合。这些发现代表了民族志中记载的仪式习俗的 500 代文化传承,这种习俗可以追溯到上一个冰河时代的末期,其中包含澳大利亚已知最古老的木制工艺品。
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来源期刊
Nature Human Behaviour
Nature Human Behaviour Psychology-Social Psychology
CiteScore
36.80
自引率
1.00%
发文量
227
期刊介绍: Nature Human Behaviour is a journal that focuses on publishing research of outstanding significance into any aspect of human behavior.The research can cover various areas such as psychological, biological, and social bases of human behavior.It also includes the study of origins, development, and disorders related to human behavior.The primary aim of the journal is to increase the visibility of research in the field and enhance its societal reach and impact.
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