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The role of context in continuity and segmentation 语境在连贯和分割中的作用
IF 29.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02403-w
Shira Baror, Mor Cohen, Nofar Haik, Guy Avraham, Aya Ben-Yakov
Human experience intertwines continuity, the seamless flow of events, with segmentation, the spontaneous partitioning of experience into discrete units. Despite their cognitive significance, it is unclear whether these processes operate independently or share a common mechanism. Here we explored this question by examining the link between serial dependence (SD)—the tendency to align perceptions with prior decisions—and the impact of event boundaries, prompted by contextual shifts, on memory. Considering a Bayesian perspective that associates SD with predictions, and segmentation with prediction errors, a common mechanism may govern both processes. Across three experiments (N = 816), we tested how contextual changes affect SD and segmentation-related memory effects. The results indicate that both processes are context-sensitive. Contextual boundaries can reduce SD even in the absence of sensory change, and boundaries modulate memory in ways consistent with event segmentation. Yet, across experiments we observed dissociable patterns of boundary effects on SD and memory, which are slightly more consistent with distinct contextual influences on perception and memory than with a single unified predictive system. Boundary effects on SD and memory did not covary across participants, but given the low within-participant reliability of these measures, this absence of correlation cannot be taken as strong evidence for independence. Overall, our findings show that both SD and memory are shaped by context, but clarifying whether they reflect a shared or partly distinct mechanism will require further research.
人类的经验将连续性,事件的无缝流动,与分割,经验的自发分割成离散的单元交织在一起。尽管它们具有认知意义,但尚不清楚这些过程是独立运作还是共享一个共同机制。在这里,我们通过检验连续依赖(SD)——将感知与先前的决定结合起来的趋势——和由上下文变化引起的事件边界对记忆的影响之间的联系来探讨这个问题。从贝叶斯的角度来看,SD与预测相关联,分割与预测错误相关联,这两个过程可能都有一个共同的机制。通过三个实验(N = 816),我们测试了上下文变化如何影响SD和分段相关的记忆效应。结果表明这两个过程都是上下文敏感的。即使在没有感觉变化的情况下,上下文边界也可以减少SD,并且边界以与事件分割一致的方式调节记忆。然而,在实验中,我们观察到SD和记忆的边界效应的可解离模式,这与感知和记忆的不同情境影响比单一统一的预测系统稍微更一致。SD和记忆的边界效应在参与者之间没有协变,但考虑到这些措施的低参与者内信度,这种缺乏相关性不能作为独立性的有力证据。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,SD和记忆都是由环境塑造的,但要弄清楚它们反映的是一种共同的机制还是部分不同的机制,还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Humans can use positive and negative spectrotemporal correlations to detect rising and falling pitch. 人类可以使用正负光谱时间相关性来检测音调的上升和下降。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02371-7
Parisa A Vaziri, Samuel D McDougle, Damon A Clark

To discern speech or appreciate music, the human auditory system detects how pitch changes over time (pitch motion). Here, using psychophysics, computational modelling, functional neuroimaging and analysis of recorded speech, we ask whether humans can detect pitch motion using computations analogous to those used by the visual system. We adapted stimuli from studies of vision to create novel auditory correlated noise stimuli that elicited robust pitch motion percepts. In psychophysical experiments, we discovered that humans can judge pitch direction from spectrotemporal intensity correlations. Robust sensitivity to negative spectrotemporal correlations is a direct analogue of illusory 'reverse-phi' motion in vision, constituting a new auditory illusion. Functional MRI measurements in auditory cortex supported the hypothesis that human auditory processing may employ pitch direction opponency. Linking lab findings to real-world perception, we analysed recordings of English and Mandarin speech and found that pitch direction was signalled by both positive and negative spectrotemporal correlations, suggesting that sensitivity to both types confers ecological benefits. This work reveals how motion detection algorithms sensitive to local correlations are deployed by the central nervous system across disparate modalities (vision and audition) and dimensions (space and frequency).

为了辨别言语或欣赏音乐,人类听觉系统检测音调随时间的变化(音调运动)。在这里,利用心理物理学、计算建模、功能神经成像和语音记录分析,我们询问人类是否可以使用类似于视觉系统使用的计算来检测音高运动。我们将来自视觉研究的刺激改编为新的听觉相关噪声刺激,从而引发强大的音高运动感知。在心理物理实验中,我们发现人类可以通过光谱时间强度相关性来判断音高方向。对负光谱时间相关性的强大敏感性是视觉中虚幻的“反向phi”运动的直接模拟,构成了一种新的听觉错觉。听觉皮层的功能性MRI测量支持了人类听觉加工可能采用音调方向对立的假设。将实验室研究结果与现实世界的感知联系起来,我们分析了英语和普通话语音的录音,发现音调方向由正负光谱时间相关性发出信号,这表明对两种类型的敏感性都具有生态效益。这项工作揭示了中枢神经系统如何在不同的模式(视觉和听觉)和维度(空间和频率)上部署对局部相关性敏感的运动检测算法。
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引用次数: 0
Caprine dairy exploitation on the Iranian Plateau from the seventh millennium BC. 公元前七千年以来伊朗高原上的山羊乳品开发。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02396-y
Emmanuelle Casanova, Hossein Davoudi, Antoine Zazzo, Séverine Zirah, Jérémy Jacob, Christine Hatté, Audrey Boco-Simon, François Thil, Caroline Gauthier, Jebrael Nokandeh, Abbas Alizadeh, Fereidoun Biglari, Reinhard Bernbeck, Susan Pollock, Akira Tsuneki, Omolbanin Ghafoori, Homa Fathi, Frank Hole, Emmanuelle Demey-Thomas, Joëlle Vinh, Marjan Mashkour

Animal domestication and development of pastoralism in southwest Asia revolutionized human subsistence strategies. Various centres of ruminant domestication and diffusion routes of agropastoralism have been identified. The area between the northern and central Zagros Mountains on the Iranian Plateau is a cradle for goat domestication and eastward spread of agropastoralism. However, the early exploitation of ruminant milk by pastoral communities in the Zagros remains insufficiently studied. Here we show residues of caprine dairy products that were detected from the analysis of lipid residues in pottery vessels and protein residues in human dental calculus. These results, combined with the faunal spectra and radiocarbon analyses directly on the dairy residues, show that sheep and goat dairy products were widely exploited in the Zagros from the seventh millennium BC. This pattern parallels the contemporaneous exploitation of cattle milk in Anatolia. Neolithic communities in both regions reveal similarly complex dynamics of early ruminant milk use, marking the emergence of independent yet synchronous trajectories in the diffusion of agropastoral lifeways.

西南亚的动物驯化和畜牧业的发展彻底改变了人类的生存策略。已经确定了各种反刍动物驯化中心和农牧业传播途径。伊朗高原上扎格罗斯山脉北部和中部之间的地区是山羊驯化和农牧业向东传播的摇篮。然而,对扎格罗斯游牧社区早期利用反刍动物奶的研究仍然不够充分。在这里,我们展示了从陶器容器中的脂质残留物和人类牙石中的蛋白质残留物分析中检测到的山羊乳制品残留物。这些结果,结合动物光谱和直接对乳制品残留物进行的放射性碳分析,表明绵羊和山羊乳制品在公元前七千年的扎格罗斯地区被广泛利用。这种模式与同期安纳托利亚对牛乳的开采相似。这两个地区的新石器时代社区揭示了早期反刍动物使用牛奶的类似复杂动态,标志着农牧生活方式扩散过程中出现了独立但同步的轨迹。
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引用次数: 0
Language barriers and the speed of international knowledge diffusion. 语言障碍和国际知识传播的速度。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02367-3
Kyle Higham, Sadao Nagaoka

Language barriers and translation costs are persistent obstacles to communication and have particularly pronounced economic impacts in technical domains. Here we provide causal evidence on the effects of language barriers on the speed and extent of knowledge diffusion by exploiting a change in US patent policy that resulted in earlier disclosure of English-language technical knowledge from Japan. Using a targeted sample of 2,770 citations from US-based inventors to Japanese inventions, we find that language barriers accounted for almost half the diffusion lag of Japan-originating knowledge to US-based inventors, relative to Japan-based inventors. This acceleration is significant only for firms with limited ability to translate (small research and development scale, or little involvement in the Japanese market) and is more pronounced for the diffusion of high-quality inventions, suggesting difficulties in quality-targeted translation. Thus, early publication of patent applications provides a substantial public good for cumulative innovation through accelerated access to translated foreign patents.

语言障碍和翻译费用是沟通的持久障碍,在技术领域具有特别显著的经济影响。在这里,我们利用美国专利政策的变化,提供了语言障碍对知识传播速度和程度的影响的因果证据,这种变化导致了日本早期披露英语技术知识。我们使用2770个美国发明家对日本发明的引用的目标样本发现,相对于日本发明家,语言障碍几乎占了日本起源知识向美国发明家传播滞后的一半。这种加速只对翻译能力有限(研发规模小,或很少参与日本市场)的公司有意义,对高质量发明的传播更为明显,这表明以质量为目标的翻译存在困难。因此,专利申请的早期公布通过加速获得翻译的外国专利,为累积创新提供了大量的公共利益。
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引用次数: 0
Social safety nets, women's economic achievements and agency in 45 countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 45个国家的社会安全网、妇女经济成就和能动性:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02394-0
Amber Peterman, Jingying Wang, Kevin Kamto Sonke, Janina Isabel Steinert

There are increasing calls for economic assistance in the form of social safety nets (SSNs) to be designed and implemented to promote women's economic inclusion and agency, contributing to closing gender disparities globally. Here we investigate the extent to which SSNs affect women's economic achievements and agency through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials implemented in low- and middle-income countries. We searched six databases utilizing search strings in English, French and Spanish through December 2024. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Our sample includes 1,307 effect sizes from 93 studies, representing 218,828 women across 45 low- and middle-income countries. Using robust variance estimation meta-analysis, we show significant overall pooled effects (Hedges' g = 0.107, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.085-0.129), driven by increases in economic achievements (productive work, savings, assets and expenditures) and agency (voice, autonomy and decision-making). We find significant treatment effects for unconditional cash transfers (Hedges' g = 0.128, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.097 to 0.159), social care services (Hedges' g = 0.122, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.071 to 0.174), asset transfers (Hedges' g = 0.115, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.071 to 0.160) and public work programmes (Hedges' g = 0.127, P = 0.031, 95% CI 0.015 to 0.239). We find comparatively smaller effects for conditional cash transfers (Hedges' g = 0.059, P = 0.019, 95% CI 0.011 to 0.108) and found no evidence of effects for in-kind transfers. SSNs can empower women economically and socially; however, limitations and evidence gaps remain, including the need for further rigorous testing of design and operational components, the role of contextual factors and cost-benefit analysis with a gender lens.

越来越多的人呼吁设计和实施社会安全网形式的经济援助,以促进妇女的经济包容和参与,为缩小全球性别差距作出贡献。在这里,我们通过对中低收入国家实施的随机对照试验进行系统回顾和荟萃分析,调查社会保障网络对妇女经济成就和代理的影响程度。到2024年12月,我们使用英语、法语和西班牙语的搜索字符串搜索了六个数据库。使用乔安娜布里格斯研究所批判性评估工具的改编版本评估研究的偏倚风险。我们的样本包括来自93项研究的1307个效应量,代表了45个低收入和中等收入国家的218,828名妇女。使用稳健方差估计荟萃分析,我们显示出显著的总体合并效应(赫奇斯的g = 0.107, P
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引用次数: 0
Social safety nets empower women economically and socially. 社会安全网在经济和社会上赋予妇女权力。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02395-z
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid neural-cognitive models reveal how memory shapes human reward learning. 混合神经认知模型揭示了记忆如何塑造人类的奖励学习。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02324-0
Maria K Eckstein, Christopher Summerfield, Nathaniel D Daw, Kevin J Miller

A long-standing challenge for psychology and neuroscience is to understand the transformations by which past experiences shape future behaviour. Reward-guided learning is typically modelled using simple reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. In RL, a handful of incrementally updated internal variables both summarize past rewards and drive future choice. Here we describe work that questions the assumptions of many RL models. We adopt a hybrid modelling approach that integrates artificial neural networks into interpretable cognitive architectures, estimating a maximally general form for each algorithmic component and systematically evaluating its necessity and sufficiency. Applying this method to a large dataset of human reward-learning behaviour, we show that successful models require independent and flexible memory variables that can track rich representations of the past. Using a modelling approach that combines predictive accuracy and interpretability, these results call into question an entire class of popular RL models based on incremental updating of scalar reward predictions.

心理学和神经科学面临的一个长期挑战是理解过去的经历如何影响未来的行为。奖励引导学习通常使用简单的强化学习(RL)算法建模。在强化学习中,一些增量更新的内部变量既总结了过去的奖励,也推动了未来的选择。在这里,我们描述了质疑许多强化学习模型假设的工作。我们采用混合建模方法,将人工神经网络集成到可解释的认知架构中,估计每个算法组件的最大一般形式,并系统地评估其必要性和充分性。将这种方法应用于人类奖励学习行为的大型数据集,我们表明成功的模型需要独立和灵活的记忆变量,这些变量可以跟踪过去的丰富表征。使用结合预测准确性和可解释性的建模方法,这些结果对基于增量更新标量奖励预测的整个流行强化学习模型提出了质疑。
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引用次数: 0
How personalized disaster warnings can save lives. 个性化灾害预警如何拯救生命。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02405-8
Ilias G Pechlivanidis, Spyros Afentoulidis, Giuliano Di Baldassarre, Florian Pappenberger, Peter Salamon, Stefan Uhlenbrook
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引用次数: 0
Generative AI predicts personality traits on the basis of open-ended narratives. 生成式AI在开放式叙事的基础上预测个性特征。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02397-x
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引用次数: 0
The tension between big team science and colonial power dynamics. 大团队科学和殖民权力动力学之间的紧张关系。
IF 15.9 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02404-9
Fanli Jia
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Nature Human Behaviour
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