Horizon-assisted lithologic modeling: understanding Mississippi Embayment and Coastal Lowlands aquifer systems in Louisiana and southwestern Mississippi, USA

IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Hydrogeology Journal Pub Date : 2024-06-27 DOI:10.1007/s10040-024-02804-z
Shuo Yang, Frank T-C Tsai, Lance D. Yarbrough
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Abstract

The Mississippi Embayment aquifer system (MEAS) and the Coastal Lowlands aquifer system (CLAS) are two principal aquifers in the US Gulf Coastal Plain. Despite their importance to the region, a comprehensive characterization of these aquifers has not been achieved yet. In this study, the horizon-assisted lithologic modeling (HALM) method is introduced to integrate horizon structures and well log data for aquifer characterization. By employing horizon restorations, the HALM method proves to be versatile in incorporating various geologic features into lithologic models. The HALM method was applied to characterize both the MEAS and the CLAS in the Louisiana and southwestern Mississippi regions. The resulting large-scale high-resolution hydrostratigraphic model provides a highly accurate representation of aquifer structures in regionally extensive hydrogeologic units, including synclines, angular unconformities, and faulting. Notably, the model highlights the presence of surficial coarse sediments, indicating significant groundwater recharge zones for the Southern Hills aquifer system, the Chicot aquifer, and the Sparta aquifer. Additionally, the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer and the Chicot aquifer are found to be thick and shallow, making them easily accessible for irrigation purposes. Furthermore, the model reveals significant connections between rivers and alluvial aquifers in northern Louisiana, with reduced river–aquifer contact as one approaches the Gulf of Mexico. Comparing the two aquifer systems, the CLAS exhibits relatively thick and extensive aquifers compared to the MEAS. This study not only contributes to advancements in geologic modeling techniques but also enhances the understanding of regional hydrogeology in the US Gulf Coastal Plain.

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地层辅助岩性建模:了解美国路易斯安那州和密西西比州西南部的密西西比河内湾和沿海低地含水层系统
密西西比河内湾含水层系统(MEAS)和沿海低地含水层系统(CLAS)是美国海湾沿海平原的两个主要含水层。尽管这两个含水层对该地区非常重要,但目前尚未对其进行全面的特征描述。在这项研究中,引入了地层辅助岩性建模(HALM)方法,将地层结构和测井数据整合到含水层特征描述中。通过采用地层复原,HALM 方法被证明在将各种地质特征纳入岩性模型方面具有多功能性。HALM 方法被用于描述路易斯安那州和密西西比州西南部地区的 MEAS 和 CLAS 的特征。由此产生的大尺度高分辨率水文地质模型高度准确地反映了区域广泛的水文地质单元中的含水层结构,包括突岩、角状不整合和断层。值得注意的是,该模型突出显示了表层粗沉积物的存在,表明南部丘陵含水层系统、奇科特含水层和斯巴达含水层具有重要的地下水补给区。此外,密西西比河冲积含水层和奇科特含水层厚度大,埋藏浅,便于灌溉。此外,该模型还揭示了路易斯安那州北部河流与冲积含水层之间的重要联系,在接近墨西哥湾时,河流与含水层之间的接触减少。对比两个含水层系统,CLAS 的含水层相对 MEAS 厚而宽。这项研究不仅推动了地质建模技术的发展,而且加深了人们对美国海湾沿海平原地区水文地质的了解。
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来源期刊
Hydrogeology Journal
Hydrogeology Journal 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
7.10%
发文量
128
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Hydrogeology Journal was founded in 1992 to foster understanding of hydrogeology; to describe worldwide progress in hydrogeology; and to provide an accessible forum for scientists, researchers, engineers, and practitioners in developing and industrialized countries. Since then, the journal has earned a large worldwide readership. Its peer-reviewed research articles integrate subsurface hydrology and geology with supporting disciplines: geochemistry, geophysics, geomorphology, geobiology, surface-water hydrology, tectonics, numerical modeling, economics, and sociology.
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