Characterising the discharge of hillslope karstic aquifers from hydrodynamic and physicochemical data (Sierra Seca, SE Spain)

IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Hydrogeology Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI:10.1007/s10040-024-02825-8
Antonio González-Ramón, Jorge Jódar, Antonio L. Morales-González, Francisco Moral-Martos, Rosario Jiménez-Espinosa
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Abstract

Groundwater flow has been investigated in the Sierra Seca, Spain. Maximum recharge to the central core of the mountain occurs at high elevations, which provides recharge to two overlapping karst aquifers constituting a groundwater storage zone at a lower elevation break in slope. Both karst aquifers are associated with three springs arising from the upper part of the permeable formations. The climate is characterized by long and intense periods of drought and short periods of rainfall, which trigger discharges from the springs. Spring flow recession curve analysis, cross-correlation and monitoring of groundwater temperature and electrical conductivity have demonstrated contrasts observed in the hydrodynamic and physicochemical response of the three springs during flood events. One spring records floods with narrow and short peaks of high discharge accompanied by sharp drops in temperature and electrical conductivity. Another spring records floods with somewhat wider peaks and sharp increases in temperature and electrical conductivity (piston effect), whereas the third spring shows great consistency in all monitored characteristics. It is concluded that the absence of a piston effect in the spring with the highest flow rates is due to the contribution of rapidly circulating water that is expelled by semi-active karst networks (overflow) before reaching the saturated zone, which does not occur in the other springs due to the absence of overflow hydrological pathways. The most regular spring owes its functioning to the contribution of infiltrated water in the bed of an upstream riverbed, which explains this regularity.

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根据水动力和物理化学数据确定山坡岩溶含水层的排泄特征(西班牙东南部,塞卡山脉)
对西班牙塞卡山脉的地下水流进行了调查。高海拔地区是山体中央核心区的最大补给区,为两个重叠的岩溶含水层提供补给,这两个含水层在海拔较低的斜坡断裂处构成了一个地下水储存区。这两个岩溶含水层都与渗透地层上部的三个泉眼有关。这里的气候特点是干旱期长而强度大,降雨期短,从而引发泉水排放。泉水流量衰退曲线分析、交叉相关性以及地下水温度和电导率监测表明,在洪水事件期间,这三个泉水的水动力和物理化学反应形成了鲜明对比。其中一个泉眼记录的洪水峰值窄而短,流量大,同时温度和电导率急剧下降。另一个泉眼的洪水峰值稍宽,温度和电导率急剧上升(活塞效应),而第三个泉眼的所有监测特征都非常一致。结论是,流量最大的泉水之所以没有活塞效应,是因为快速循环的水在到达饱和区之前被半活化岩溶网络(溢流)排出,而其他泉水由于没有溢流水文路径,所以没有活塞效应。最有规律的泉水之所以有规律,是因为上游河床中的渗透水起到了作用。
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来源期刊
Hydrogeology Journal
Hydrogeology Journal 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
7.10%
发文量
128
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Hydrogeology Journal was founded in 1992 to foster understanding of hydrogeology; to describe worldwide progress in hydrogeology; and to provide an accessible forum for scientists, researchers, engineers, and practitioners in developing and industrialized countries. Since then, the journal has earned a large worldwide readership. Its peer-reviewed research articles integrate subsurface hydrology and geology with supporting disciplines: geochemistry, geophysics, geomorphology, geobiology, surface-water hydrology, tectonics, numerical modeling, economics, and sociology.
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