Changes in Soil Fertility and Crop Yields due to Short- and Long-Term Application of Fertilizers in a Grain–Beat Crop Rotation System in the Central Black Earth Region
{"title":"Changes in Soil Fertility and Crop Yields due to Short- and Long-Term Application of Fertilizers in a Grain–Beat Crop Rotation System in the Central Black Earth Region","authors":"O. A. Minakova, L. V. Aleksandrova, V. M. Vilkov","doi":"10.3103/s1068367424700101","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to identify changes in soil fertility and yields of main crops in a grain–beat crop rotation system as a result of long-term (ten rotation cycles) application of fertilizers in the Central Black Earth Region. Field works were conducted in Voronezh oblast on a low-humic leached chernozem soil. Changes that have occurred over the period from the first rotation cycle (1936–1945) to the tenth rotation cycle (2018–2022) were analyzed. The experiment involved the following variants: (1) control (no fertilizers), (2) N<sub>10</sub>P<sub>10</sub>K<sub>10</sub> + manure (2.8 t/ha), (3) N<sub>20</sub>P<sub>20</sub>K<sub>20</sub> + manure (2.8 t/ha), (4) N<sub>30</sub>P<sub>30</sub>K<sub>30</sub> + manure (2.8 t/ha), and (5) N<sub>10</sub>P<sub>10</sub>K<sub>10</sub> + manure (5.6 t/ha). The following changes in soil fertility occurred in the 0–20-cm layer over the period from the first to the tenth rotation cycle due to the effect of fertilizers: (1) in variants with the application of N<sub>20</sub>P<sub>20</sub>K<sub>20</sub> + manure (2.8 t/ha) and N<sub>30</sub>P<sub>30</sub>K<sub>30</sub> + manure (2.8 t/ha), hydrolytic soil acidity (H<sub>h</sub>) increased by 5.26–83.3%, mobile K<sub>2</sub>O content by 18.9–74.4%, cation exchange capacity by 27.8–35.7%, and mobile P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> content by 7.81–9.00%; (2) in the control variant and variants with the application of N<sub>10</sub>P<sub>10</sub>K<sub>10</sub> + manure (2.8 t/ha and 5.6 t/ha), humus content decreased by 0.41–0.73%, N-NO<sub>3</sub> content by 25.3–47.7% and P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> by 13.3–31.6%. Long-term application of fertilizers increased grain yields of barley by 11.3–50.1%, grain yields of oats by 4.0–51.2%, grain yields of winter wheat by 13.4–30.6%, and tuber yields of sugar beet by 15.0–36.7%. In addition, it reduced clover fresh yields by 4.9–27.7% and increased by-product yields in all crops by 6.1–23.0%. Over the period from the first to the tenth rotation cycle, fertilized arable land productivity per 1 ha increased by 3.30–18.3% (less yield increase by 960 grain units/ha due to the introduction of more productive modern varieties). Long-term application of N<sub>30</sub>P<sub>30</sub>K<sub>30</sub> + manure (2.8 t/ha) ensured the highest level of soil fertility and productivity in the crop rotation system. The fertilization scheme was as follows: N<sub>135</sub>P<sub>135</sub>K<sub>135</sub> applied to sugar beet fields twice per nine-field crop rotation cycle and manure applied to the fallow field once per crop rotation cycle at a rate of 25 t/ha.</p>","PeriodicalId":21531,"journal":{"name":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Russian Agricultural Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068367424700101","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify changes in soil fertility and yields of main crops in a grain–beat crop rotation system as a result of long-term (ten rotation cycles) application of fertilizers in the Central Black Earth Region. Field works were conducted in Voronezh oblast on a low-humic leached chernozem soil. Changes that have occurred over the period from the first rotation cycle (1936–1945) to the tenth rotation cycle (2018–2022) were analyzed. The experiment involved the following variants: (1) control (no fertilizers), (2) N10P10K10 + manure (2.8 t/ha), (3) N20P20K20 + manure (2.8 t/ha), (4) N30P30K30 + manure (2.8 t/ha), and (5) N10P10K10 + manure (5.6 t/ha). The following changes in soil fertility occurred in the 0–20-cm layer over the period from the first to the tenth rotation cycle due to the effect of fertilizers: (1) in variants with the application of N20P20K20 + manure (2.8 t/ha) and N30P30K30 + manure (2.8 t/ha), hydrolytic soil acidity (Hh) increased by 5.26–83.3%, mobile K2O content by 18.9–74.4%, cation exchange capacity by 27.8–35.7%, and mobile P2O5 content by 7.81–9.00%; (2) in the control variant and variants with the application of N10P10K10 + manure (2.8 t/ha and 5.6 t/ha), humus content decreased by 0.41–0.73%, N-NO3 content by 25.3–47.7% and P2O5 by 13.3–31.6%. Long-term application of fertilizers increased grain yields of barley by 11.3–50.1%, grain yields of oats by 4.0–51.2%, grain yields of winter wheat by 13.4–30.6%, and tuber yields of sugar beet by 15.0–36.7%. In addition, it reduced clover fresh yields by 4.9–27.7% and increased by-product yields in all crops by 6.1–23.0%. Over the period from the first to the tenth rotation cycle, fertilized arable land productivity per 1 ha increased by 3.30–18.3% (less yield increase by 960 grain units/ha due to the introduction of more productive modern varieties). Long-term application of N30P30K30 + manure (2.8 t/ha) ensured the highest level of soil fertility and productivity in the crop rotation system. The fertilization scheme was as follows: N135P135K135 applied to sugar beet fields twice per nine-field crop rotation cycle and manure applied to the fallow field once per crop rotation cycle at a rate of 25 t/ha.
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