Assessment of Soil Acidity and Fertility Status under Different Land Uses Types in Sayo District of Western Ethiopia

Abu Regasa, Wassie Haile, Girma Abera
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Abstract

Assessing the status of surface soil acidity under various land-use types on selected soil physicochemical properties is useful to tackle the expansion of soil acidity and mitigate its side effects in agro-ecosystems for the sustainable management of soil resources. As a result, this study was carried out to evaluate the status of soil acidity under different land use types in the Sayo District of Western Ethiopia. A total of 24 composite soil samples were collected from natural forest, cultivated land, grazing land and eucalyptus tree plantation landfrom the surface (0–20 cm) with three replications. Analysis of variance was used to test the mean differences in soil physicochemical properties under different land use types. Accordingly, sand and clay mean values were highest in cultivated and grazing land, respectively, whereas the lowest values were registered under grazing and cultivated land respectively. The lowest (0.93 cm–3) mean values of bulk density registered under natural forest land and the highest (1.50 cm–3) mean values recorded under eucalyptus tree plantation land, conversely the lowest (40.11%) and highest (55.99%) mean values of total porosity observed under eucalyptus tree plantation and natural forest land respectively. In the case of soil chemical properties, the highest (3.07) and lowest (0.47) mean values of the exchangeable acidity were observed under cultivated and grazing land respectively and the highest (35.10%) and lowest (3.26%) mean values of AS persentage were recorded under cultivated and grazing land respectively. The lowest (4.99) and highest (5.62) mean soil pH were observed under cultivated and grazing land respectively whereas the lowest (1.81%) and highest (7.94%) mean values of OM registered under cultivated and natural forest land respectively. the lowest (0.12%) and highest (0.47%) mean values of total N observed under eucalyptus tree plantation and natural forest land respectively while the lowest (3.35 mg/kg) and highest (11.95 mg/kg) mean value of available P registered under cultivated and grazing land respectively. Moreover the higher mean values of exchangeable bases, CEC and PBS were recorded under grazing and natural forest land whereas the lower recorded under cultivated and eucalyptus tree plantation land. Conversely, the higher mean values of extracted micronutrients were registered under cultivated and eucalyptus tree plantation land while the lower recorded were under grazing and natural forest land. Generally, the conversion of land use from natural states exaggerates the surface soil acidity of the study sites. Particularly, the cultivation of deforested land and grasslands reduces the soil pH which results in high total exchangeable acidity and acid saturation. The status of essential plant nutrients such as total nitrogen, available P, exchangeable cations and SOM (source of most nutrients) follows the trends of soil pH which results in the decline of soil productivity. Thus, sustainable soil ecosystem management is very essential to mitigate land degradations that result particularly for reduce agricultural production.

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埃塞俄比亚西部萨约地区不同土地利用类型下的土壤酸度和肥力状况评估
摘要 评估不同土地利用类型下地表土壤酸度对选定土壤理化性质的影响,有助于解决土壤酸度扩大的问题,并减轻其在农业生态系统中的副作用,从而实现土壤资源的可持续管理。因此,本研究对埃塞俄比亚西部萨约区不同土地利用类型下的土壤酸度状况进行了评估。共收集了 24 份复合土壤样本,分别来自天然林、耕地、牧场和桉树种植地的地表(0-20 厘米),每份样本重复三次。采用方差分析来检验不同土地利用类型下土壤理化性质的平均差异。结果表明,砂土和粘土的平均值分别在耕地和牧地中最高,而牧地和耕地的平均值最低。天然林地的容重平均值最低(0.93 cm-3),而桉树种植地的容重平均值最高(1.50 cm-3);相反,桉树种植地和天然林地的总孔隙度平均值分别最低(40.11%)和最高(55.99%)。在土壤化学性质方面,耕地和牧地的可交换酸度平均值分别最高(3.07)和最低(0.47),耕地和牧地的AS持久性平均值分别最高(35.10%)和最低(3.26%)。桉树种植地和天然林地的全氮平均值分别为最低(0.12%)和最高(0.47%),而耕地和牧地的可利用磷平均值分别为最低(3.35 毫克/千克)和最高(11.95 毫克/千克)。此外,可交换碱、CEC 和 PBS 的平均值在放牧地和天然林地中较高,而在耕地和桉树种植地中较低。相反,耕地和桉树种植地提取的微量营养元素平均值较高,而放牧地和天然林地则较低。一般来说,土地用途从自然状态的转变会加剧研究地点表层土壤的酸度。特别是,毁林地和草地的耕作降低了土壤的 pH 值,导致总交换酸度和酸饱和度升高。植物必需养分,如全氮、可利用磷、可交换阳离子和 SOM(大多数养分的来源)的状况与土壤 pH 值的变化趋势一致,从而导致土壤生产力下降。因此,可持续的土壤生态系统管理对于缓解土地退化尤其是农业减产至关重要。
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