Comprehensive analysis of 19 cannabinoids in commercial CBD oils: concentrations, profiles, and safety implications

IF 1.4 3区农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI:10.1007/s00003-024-01513-9

Niklas Lindekamp, Stefan Weigel, Benjamin Sachse, Bernd Schäfer, Sascha Rohn, Nadja Triesch

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Abstract

Nineteen cannabinoids, including Δ⁹-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), were quantified in 22 CBD oils, 2 CBG (cannabigerol) oils, and 2 CBN (cannabinol) oils, marketed as food supplements, aroma oils, or cosmetic preparations. Analyses were conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The declared concentrations of CBD (or CBG, CBN) in the oils ranged from 2.5 to 20%. Actual concentrations compared to declared concentrations ranged from 81 to 226%. CBD concentrations of up to 9 mg per drop were found. Δ⁹-THC was detected in 20 of 26 samples, with concentrations ranging from 5 to 1576 mg/kg (mean = 536 mg/kg). Considering the highest daily intake suggested by one manufacturer (20 drops) and a body weight of 70 kg, the measured Δ⁹-THC concentration in 50% (n = 13) of the products would exceed the acute reference dose (ARfD) of 1 µg/kg body weight (bw) derived for Δ⁹-THC by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). For 7 samples, only 2 drops of oil would be sufficient to exceed the ARfD of Δ⁹-THC.

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全面分析商用 CBD 油中的 19 种大麻素：浓度、特征和安全影响

对 22 种 CBD 油、2 种 CBG（大麻酚）油和 2 种 CBN（大麻酚）油中的 19 种大麻素（包括 Δ9-THC（四氢大麻酚）和 CBD（大麻二酚））进行了定量分析，这些油在市场上作为食品补充剂、芳香油或化妆品制剂销售。分析采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）进行。精油中 CBD（或 CBG、CBN）的申报浓度介于 2.5% 和 20% 之间。与申报浓度相比，实际浓度从 81% 到 226% 不等。发现每滴 CBD 的浓度高达 9 毫克。在 26 个样本中的 20 个样本中检测到了Δ9-四氢大麻酚，浓度从 5 毫克/千克到 1576 毫克/千克不等（平均值 = 536 毫克/千克）。考虑到一家生产商建议的最高日摄入量（20 滴）和 70 千克的体重，50% 的产品（n = 13）中测得的 Δ9-THC 浓度将超过欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）为 Δ9-THC 制定的急性参考剂量（ARfD），即 1 微克/千克体重。在 7 个样本中，只需 2 滴油就足以超过 Δ9-THC 的急性参考剂量。

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来源期刊

Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Veterinary-Food Animals

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

4.20%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The JCF publishes peer-reviewed original Research Articles and Opinions that are of direct importance to Food and Feed Safety. This includes Food Packaging, Consumer Products as well as Plant Protection Products, Food Microbiology, Veterinary Drugs, Animal Welfare and Genetic Engineering. All peer-reviewed articles that are published should be devoted to improve Consumer Health Protection. Reviews and discussions are welcomed that address legal and/or regulatory decisions with respect to risk assessment and management of Food and Feed Safety issues on a scientific basis. It addresses an international readership of scientists, risk assessors and managers, and other professionals active in the field of Food and Feed Safety and Consumer Health Protection. Manuscripts – preferably written in English but also in German – are published as Research Articles, Reviews, Methods and Short Communications and should cover aspects including, but not limited to: · Factors influencing Food and Feed Safety · Factors influencing Consumer Health Protection · Factors influencing Consumer Behavior · Exposure science related to Risk Assessment and Risk Management · Regulatory aspects related to Food and Feed Safety, Food Packaging, Consumer Products, Plant Protection Products, Food Microbiology, Veterinary Drugs, Animal Welfare and Genetic Engineering · Analytical methods and method validation related to food control and food processing. The JCF also presents important News, as well as Announcements and Reports about administrative surveillance.